Hypophysitis in surgical and autoptical specimens

A Radiologic Score to Distinguish Autoimmune Hypophysitis from Nonsecreting Pituitary Adenoma Preoperatively

“…The study exclusively compared AHs to adenomas, which represent the most common entity among the nonsecreting pituitary masses. 47 There are, however, other lesions of the sella turcica that can mimic AH both clinically and radiologically, such as secondary forms of hypophysitis, 48 pituitary germinoma, 49 and lymphoma, 50 for which this score might be less useful. The instrumentation used to obtain MR images also varied.…”

A Progressive Case of Lymphocytic Hypophysitis Accompanied by Paresis of the Left Abducens Nerve

“…There are some reports stating that the lymphocytic and granulomatous hypophysitis was not separable into two distinct entities (15,16). The same radiological and endocrinological findings may also be observed in the adjacent and compressed adenohypophysis in Rathke's cleft cyst and craniopharingioma (17,18 (23), and this may cause empty sella syndrome at the end stage (24). Adenohypophysial dysfunction or diabetes insipidus has been reported to show spontaneous recovery or to respond to steroid treatment in some cases (10,25), but not in most (6).…”

Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: MR findings

“…"Primary hypophysitis" is a lesion of unknown etiology and histologically described as a lymphocytic, granulomatous, or xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the pituitary gland [3]. "Secondary hypophysitis", on the other hand, is a direct inflammatory or infectious lesion or an involvement of the pituitary gland due to adjacent lesions, such as tumors (adenoma, craniopharyngeoma, germinoma) or rupture of a Rathke cleft cyst [4,5]. Immunotherapy with T-cell responses stimulating antibodies is a promising new treatment option for cancer patients, but may have relevant adverse effects, such as hypophysitis.…”