“…Numerous case studies have also described mothers in labor with excessive fluid intake (3-4 L/day) resulting in newborns with clinically significant hyponatremia (<125 mEq/L; Chapman & Hamilton, 2008;Johansson, Lindow, Kapadia, & Norman, 2002;Ophir, Solt, Odeh, & Bornstein, 2007;Walter, Montgomery, Amess, & Rabe, 2012;West & Harding, 2004). These case studies demonstrate that when excess fluid input during labor exceeds the mother and fetus's ability to maintain sodium levels above 125 mEq/L, serious clinical symptoms occur and medical intervention is necessary.…”