Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of pioglitazone, insulin and synbiotic in diabetic rats

Abstract

Aim:The objective of the study was to assess the effect of combination treatment of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced chemically by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.wt) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided randomly into six groups of six rats in each. Group 1 was maintained as a normal control. Group 2 was maintained as diabetic control; Group 3 was treated with insulin; Group 4 with insulin + synbiotic; Group 5 with insulin + pioglitazone; and Group 6 with insulin + synbiotic + pioglitazone. All the animals were treated for 60 days.Results:Body weights, and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, whereas the concentration of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and the activity of GSH peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in Group 2 at the end of 8th week as compared to Group 1. The treatment Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 revealed improvement in all the parameters, and the highest improvement was observed in combination Group 6.Conclusion:From this study, it is concluded that combination of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic is useful in treating diabetes.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on Cytokine Profiles

“…Verma and Shukla [ 27 ] revealed that L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus lead to the formation of large quantities of antioxidants, mainly GSH, with inulin being a nondigestible carbohydrate in the small intestine. In another study by Kavitha et al [ 28 ], increased GSH concentrations have been reported due to the combined effects of insulin, pioglitazone, and probiotics in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a very recent study, the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HII11 are remarkable in preventing adrenomedullin- (ADM-) mediated colon cancer in the rat [ 29 ].…”

<p>The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Type 1 Diabetic Patients. A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial</p>

“…16 Probiotic, the Greek word, meaning "for life" 19 has been shown to activate monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in vitro that affect the immune system. 20 In addition, prebiotics which are non-digestible carbohydrates consumed by the intestinal bacteria for fermentation, 21 are used in medicine to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 22 such as inulin or fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which stimulate the growth and metabolism of probiotics in the intestine. A mixture of prebiotics and probiotics as synbiotic has beneficial effects against several diseases.…”

Influence of Pamoic Acid as a Complexing Agent in the Thermal Preparation of NiO Nanoparticles: Application to Electrochemical Water Oxidation

“…Over the past two decades, bulk and nanoscale nickel oxide (NiO) have attracted attention for their high stability, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] nontoxicity, [5,7] and anomalous chemical, [9][10][11][12] electrochemical, [5][6][7][8][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] electronic, [3,21,22] magnetic, [2,9,23] and catalytic [2,4,9,24] and optical [10,13,22,24] properties. NiO nanoparticles (NiONPs), in particular, are used in a variety of fields as electrochemical sensors, [15] biosensors, [6,16] electrochromic windows, [13] gas sensors, [11,12] super capacitor, [17] batteries, [5] fuel cells,…”

“…[24] The broad applicability of nanoscale NiO relies on the material's high surface area and interesting properties, including chemical, electrochemical, and catalytic properties, which are not present in the bulk material. To meet the high demand for this nanoscale material, several synthetic methods have been developed based on hydrothermal, [9,11,[14][15][16][24][25][26][27] sol-gel, [4,21,23] hot-injection, [13] co-precipitation, [7] microwave, [2,5] reverse micelle templated, electrochemical [12] and pulsed laser ablation [28] techniques, as well as techniques based on complex formation with an organic moieties and successively their thermal decomposition. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Among the mentioned methods, the latest one is well known as scalable with high yield.…”

“…So far, nanoscale NiO particles have been prepared to have a variety of sizes and shapes, including nanospheres (NPs), [2,4,9,21,24,29,30,34] nanoplates, [25] nanosheets, [14,24,31] nanoplatelets, [26] flaked like architectures, [6] nanorings, [27] nanoflowers, [9,12] nanorods, [16] and nanocubes. [32] Numerous studies have examined the preparation of nanoscale NiO, and the development of novel synthetic methods that are simpler and provide smaller or more monodisperse product profiles remains a topic of interest.…”