Hypoglycaemic effect of galactooligosaccharides in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

IABETES is characterized by hyperglycaemia and elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Clove is full of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols and essential oils. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of clove extract in diabetic rats. The results with test rats indicated that alloxan administration induced the elevation of glucose level, activity of some liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), urea and creatinine concentrations as well as the level of some lipid contents. While the level of insulin, total thyroid hormones triiodothyronin (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4), glutathione content (GSH) in addition to the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were decreased under the effect of alloxan. As a result of treatment of diabetic rats with raw or irradiated clove extract, hyperglycaemia, hepatic, renal and endocrine abnormalities induced by alloxan were improved. Conclusion: clove extract exerts a dietary antidiabetic benefit and affect a partial normalization of the biochemical changes associated with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Furthermore, the study indicated that treatment of cloves with 10 kGy of gamma irradiation had no significant effect on the antidiabetic properties of the extract made from such cloves. This confirms the suitability of irradiation for the improvement of the hygienic quality of cloves.

Cookies elaborated with oat and common bean flours improved serum markers in diabetic rats

“…The hypolipidemic effect of oat–bean cookies may be related also to their content of dietary fiber and galacto‐oligosaccharides, since SDF retards triglyceride and cholesterol intestinal absorption due to its high viscosity . SDF and galacto‐oligosaccharides have been reported to reduce triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels via the production of short‐chain fatty acids, which modulate hepatic lipid metabolism . Similarly, IDF has been reported to increase Foxa2 and Pgc‐1b expression, which concomitantly promote hepatic fatty acid β‐oxidation …”

“…28 SDF and galacto-oligosaccharides have been reported to reduce triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels via the production of short-chain fatty acids, which modulate hepatic lipid metabolism. 38 Similarly, IDF has been reported to increase Foxa2 and Pgc-1b expression, which concomitantly promote hepatic fatty acid -oxidation. 29 IF Pérez-Ramírez et al…”

Prebiotics effect on growth performance, hepatic intermediary metabolism, gut microbiota and digestive enzymes of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus)

“…Short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are fructooligosaccharides (FOS) with low degree of polymerization, and together with xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics that have not been much studied in fish (Dimitroglou et al., ; Merrifield, Dimitroglou, et al., ; Ringø et al., , ). In mammals, FOS, XOS and GOS were reported to improve glucose tolerance, by lowering plasma glucose levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and to reduce hepatic lipogenesis, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides levels (Fiordaliso et al., ; Gobinath, Madhu, Prashant, Srinivasan, & Prapulla, ; Sangwan, Tomar, Ali, Singh, & Singh, ; Shinoki & Hara, ; Vulevic, Juric, Tzortzis, & Gibson, ; Wang, Cao, Wang, & Sun, ). Prebiotic effects in fish intermediary metabolism are restricted to a few studies (Guerreiro, Enes, Merrifield, Davies, & Oliva‐Teles, ; Guerreiro, Enes, & Oliva‐Teles, ; Guerreiro, Oliva‐Teles, et al., ; Torrecillas et al., ; Torrecillas et al., ).…”

“…triglycerides levels (Fiordaliso et al, 1995;Gobinath, Madhu, Prashant, Srinivasan, & Prapulla, 2010;Sangwan, Tomar, Ali, Singh, & Singh, 2015;Shinoki & Hara, 2011;Vulevic, Juric, Tzortzis, & Gibson, 2013;Wang, Cao, Wang, & Sun, 2011). Prebiotic effects in fish intermediary metabolism are restricted to a few studies (Guerreiro, Enes, Merrifield, Davies, & Oliva-Teles, 2015;Torrecillas et al, 2011;Torrecillas et al, 2015).…”

Biochemical activities of lactose-derived prebiotics — a review

“…It has been reported that lactose-based prebiotics, such as galacto-oligosaccharide (SANGWAN et al, 2015) and tagatose (ENSOR et al, 2015), reduce the long-standing elevated level of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Several possible mechanisms have been published.…”