Hypoglicemic and Antioxidant Activity of Petiveria alliacea in Diabetic Rat Models

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia conditions in the body. Various complications of diabetes mellitus are caused by oxidative stress condition. Petiveria alliacea (P. alliacea) is a potential plant and easy to grow in hot regions. Leaf extracts of P. alliacea contain flavonoids and tannins which work as antidiabetic and antioxidant. In addition, other compounds found in P. alliacea leaf extracts like linoleic acid and allantoin show an increase in insulin secretion. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of P. alliacea. Methods: We investigated the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of P. alliacea on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups named normal control, diabetes control, metformin (150 mg/kg/d), low dose of P. alliacea (90 mg/kg/d), intermediate dose (180 mg/kg/d), and high dose (360 mg/kg/d). Rats were orally given the treatment daily in the morning for fourteen days. At the end of the study, blood glucose level was measured and rats were sacrificed to measure blood malondialdehyde level.malondialdehydeResults: P. alliacea extract dose of 90 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg, and also metformin significantly decrease blood glucose levels. P. alliacea extract dose of 360 mg/kg was able to lower blood malondialdehyde level significantly which were not obtained on metformin. Conclusion: This finding suggests that ethanolic extract of P. alliacea possess antidiabetic effect at least on rats.

Clinacanthus nutans L Extracts Reduce the Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Malondialdehyde, and Interleukin-6 Levels and Improve the Langerhans Islet Area in Diabetic Rat Models

“…As previously described, hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress and inflammation [27][28][29][30] and induces mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to produce free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between a large number of free radicals and the inability of endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase.…”

The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of Petiveria alliacea extract reduced the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance value, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in diabetic rat models

“…Mustika et al [18]. showed that the extract of P. alliacea leaves decreased the blood glucose level in the T2DM mouse model and increased the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the liver [16]. These studies provide hope that P. alliacea may be used to control the inflammation in hyperglycemic conditions, thereby reducing IR.…”

“…Petiveria alliacea is a perennial plant widely found in Indonesia and empirically used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases, such as diabetes, bleeding cough, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulatory. Several studies revealed that P. alliacea has anti-inflammatory [12][13][14][15] and antioxidant activities [16]. All parts of P. alliacea are available for use in treatment from oxidative damage of cells [17].…”

Challenges in creating diabetes mellitus animal model for physiological research

“…After STZ injection into experimental animals, there is a risk of sudden hypoglycemia. To prevent this, experimental animals are given a 10% dextrose solution for several days after injection [10,11]. STZ injection can have an impact, resulting in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, depending on the age and dose of STZ injected [9].…”

“…Diabetes mellitus animal models can be obtained using Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) injected with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. It is known that within 2 days after injection, rats experience hyperglycemia, measured after a 6-hour fast [11].…”