“…Orexinergic fibers project widely throughout the brain (Baldo et al, 2003; to release orexin peptides A and B which act at two G-protein coupled receptors, orexin receptor 1 and 2 (Ox1R and Ox2R) Hervieu et al, 2001;Marcus et al, 2001;Sakurai et al, 1998a). Studies generally support a dichotomy of function for Ox1R versus Ox2R signaling, whereby signaling at Ox1R is important for motivation and reward, and signaling at Ox2R is more involved in arousal processes (Brodnik et al, 2018). Accordingly, a significant body of literature shows that administration of Ox1R antagonists, either systemically or locally into reward regions, attenuates a broad range of drug-seeking behaviors (Bentzley and Aston-Jones, 2015;Espana et al, 2010;Harris et al, 2005;James et al, 2011;James et al, 2018a;Jupp et al, 2011;Mahler et al, 2013;Moorman et al, 2017;Porter-Stransky et al, 2017;Schmeichel et al, 2017;Smith and Aston-Jones, 2012).…”