Hypochlorite solution for root canal irrigation that lacks a chlorinated odor

Abstract

Objectives:This is an in vitro study to develop a formulation of a hypochlorite solution for root canal irrigation that lacks a chlorinated odor. The antibacterial effect, tissue dissolution efficacy, and the cytotoxicity of the solution were assessed in cell culture and were compared with those of commercial sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions.Materials and Methods:Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCA) was used as the source of hypochlorite ions in solution. All required properties of the NaOCl irrigant were evaluated and compared with those of original 2.5% NaOCl solutions currently in use.Results:Our results revealed that a TCA 3.5% + 1/6 Buffer-1 solution passed the short-term stability test. Moreover, no odor of chlorine gas was detected by three independent observers. The hypochlorite ion content and pH were stable over an incubation period of 4 weeks. The new solution did not differ from commercial products in terms of the dissolution property on bovine pulpal tissue (P > 0.05). Moreover, the antibacterial effect of this solution on Enterococcus faecalis did not differ from that of the commercial products (P > 0.05). In addition, our biocompatibility analysis demonstrated no difference among the tested solutions (P > 0.05).Conclusions:According to the results of all properties tested, TCA 3.5% + 1/6 Buffer-1 could be considered an option for NaOCl irrigation with the benefit of no detectable chlorine odor.

Essential Oils as Alternatives for Root-Canal Treatment and Infection Control against Enterococcus faecalis—A Preliminary Study

“…Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used for root canal disinfection, as a root canal irrigant, which in concentration of 1-6% is able to reduce bacterial infection [27,28,30]. Although NaOCl is commonly used for root canal disinfection, it presents disadvantage such as chlorinated odor, which can be unpleasant for both doctor and patient.…”

“…A solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl-commercial name Chloraxid, Cerkamed, Poland) was used as an antimicrobial agent (irrigant with documented antimicrobial properties) (27) and was considered a positive standard to whom the antimicrobial effects of EO could be reported to. Sterile saline solution was used for negative standard (irrigant without antimicrobial properties).…”

“…Also, the organic tissue-dissolving properties of NaOCl are non-selective, meaning that it is capable of indistinguishably dissolving both vital and necrotic remnants of pulp, therefore being toxic to periapical tissues. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human peripheral lymphocytes have been studied when applying sodium hypochlorite on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water as irrigants in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars

“…The microbial reduction produced by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (98.07%) may be explained based on the observations of Rutala and Weber,[ 25 26 27 ] who suggested that, when combined with water, sodium hypochlorite produces hypochlorous acid, which contains active chlorine. Chlorine exerts its bactericidal action through the irreversible oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of essential bacterial enzymes, disrupting the metabolic function of bacterial cells.…”

Assessment of Cleaning Effect of Irrigation Time Using 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite and Aspiration with Endovac

“…Complex root anatomy determines the difficulty of this treatment. The endodontic space has, alongside the root canal, accessory channels, lateral channels, dentinal tubules, apical delta, and is now called an endodontic system [1][2][3][4].…”