Antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water as irrigants in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars.Materials and Methods:This was an experimental ex vivo study in microbiologic laboratory. Sixty mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars were contaminated with standard strains of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) according to irrigating solution: SH: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; CH: 2% chlorhexidine; O3: ozonated water; and control: double-distilled water. The mesiobuccal root canals of all groups were instrumented with the WaveOne Gold Primary reciprocating system. Three cycles of instrumentation with three short in-and-out brushing motions were performed: (1) in the coronal third, (2) in the middle third, and (3) in the apical third of the canal. A ProGlider file was used before the first cycle.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Samples were collected for viable bacterial counts before and after instrumentation.Results:All groups showed significant biofilm reduction after irrigation (P < 0.01). After instrumentation, sodium hypochlorite (98.07%), chlorhexidine (98.31%), and ozonated water (98.02%) produced a significantly reduction in bacterial counts compared with double-distilled water (control, 72.98%) (P < 0.01).Conclusion:All irrigants tested in this study showed similar antimicrobial activity. Thus, ozonated water may be an option for microbial reduction in the root canal system.

The Effectiveness of Three Irrigation Systems in the Enterococcus faecalis Reduction after Instrumentation with a Reciprocating Instrument

“…Many different irrigation protocols have been used in endodontics to optimize the disinfection of the root canal. 7 8 9 10 Irrigation with activation using ultrasonic tips is a much-cited technique in the current literature. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with the Irrisonic E1 tip (Helse; Santa Rosa do Viterbo, São Paulo, Brasil) was tested in this study.…”

Management of Streptococcus mutans-Candida spp. Oral Biofilms’ Infections: Paving the Way for Effective Clinical Interventions

“…Oral microbial communities are some of the most complex microbial floras in the human body, consisting of thousands of bacterial and hundreds of fungal species [25]. Culture-independent molecular methods, such as proteomics and 16S rRNA sequencing, have demonstrated that S. mutans was the dominant species, with elevated levels of other streptococci including Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius.…”

“…Also, chlorhexidine gluconate with tyrosol was revealed to be effective against single and mixed-species oral biofilms [57,58]. A solution containing 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water inhibited biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans in mesiobuccal root canals after irrigation [25]. A chlorhexidine carrier nanosystem based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan was synthesized, and its antimicrobial effect on mono-and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans was evaluated.…”

Assessment of the functional efficacy of root canal treatment with high-frequency waves in rats

“…The working length was set to the level of 1.0 as indicated on an electronic apex locator (Root ZX, J. Morita Manufacturing) by using K-files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland); the root canal was then enlarged up to a #20 file. Root canals were irrigated with 0.5 ml each time, in total 2 ml of 2.5% NaOCl (Neo Dental Chemical Products, Tokyo, Japan) [30]. The canals were dried with sterilized paper points (VDW, Munich, Germany) and filled with #20 gutta-percha points (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and root canal sealer (RealSeal SE, SybronEndo) according to the single-cone obturation technique [31].…”