Hypoadiponectinemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension

Abstract

Abstract-Adiponectin is one of the key molecules in the metabolic syndrome, and its concentration is decreased in obesity, type-2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Genetic investigation has revealed that 2 polymorphisms (I164T and G276T) are related to adiponectin concentration and diabetes. To examine whether adiponectin affects hypertension genetically or biologically, we performed a case-control study. A total of 446 diagnosed cases of hypertension (HT) in men and 312 normotensive (NT) men were enrolled in this study. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. After adjustment for confounding factors, adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in HT (HT: 5.2Ϯ0.2 g/mL; NT: 6.1Ϯ0.2 g/mL; PϽ0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that hypoadiponectinemia was an independent risk factor for hypertension (PϽ0.001). Blood pressure was inversely associated with adiponectin concentration in normotensives regardless of insulin resistance. In subjects carrying the TC genotype of the I164T polymorphism, adiponectin concentration was significantly lower (TC: 2.6Ϯ0.9 g/mL; TT: 5.5Ϯ0.1 g/mL; PϽ0.01), and most of them had hypertension. In contrast, the G276T polymorphism was not associated with adiponectin concentration or hypertension. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia is a marker for predisposition to hypertension in men.

Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity: Association with Insulin Resistance

“…On the other hand, we have confirmed that systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with serum adiponectin levels, our results were in agreement with the previous cross-sectional study [17]. In previous animal study, adiponectin-knockout mice on a high salt diet developed hypertension, which was ameliorated by adiponectin replenishment [18].…”

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Metabolic Syndrome

“…A strong inverse correlation was also found between plasma adiponectin protein concentration and BMI for both males and females [27]. Plasma adiponectin protein concentration was also reported to be lower in individuals with hypertension compared with normotensive individuals [28]. Thus, the association of low adiponectin protein levels with MetS was subsequently investigated in a cohort of diabetics compared with nondiabetics, with and without MetS ( Table 2, row C).…”

Adiponectin protects against the development of systolic dysfunction following myocardial infarction

“…Circulating adiponectin levels are decreased in obese patients [6] and are inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk factors [7]. Hypoadiponectinemia is an independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes [8], coronary artery disease [9] and hypertension [10]. Experimental studies show that adiponectin inhibits the development of insulin resistance [11], atherosclerosis [12], hypertension [13] and chronic vascular insufficiency [14].…”