Hypnosis regulation in propofol anaesthesia employing super‐twisting sliding mode control to compensate variability dynamics

Abstract

Regulation of hypnosis level on bi‐spectral index monitor (BIS) during a surgical procedure in propofol anaesthesia administration is a challenging task for an anaesthesiologist in multi‐tasking environment of the operation theater. Automation in anaesthesia has the potential to solve issues arising from manual administration. Automation in anaesthesia is based on developing the three‐compartmental model including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of the silico patients. This study focuses on regulation of the hypnosis level in the presence of surgical stimulus including skin incision, surgical diathermy and laryngoscopy as well as inter‐patient variability by designing super‐twisting sliding mode control (STSMC). The depth of the hypnosis level is maintained to 50 on the BIS level in the maintenance phase after improving the induction phase to 60 s using the conventional sliding mode control and 30 s with STSMC. The proposed scheme also compensates the inter‐patient variability dynamics including height, age and weight of the different silico patients. Moreover, the surgical stimuli direct the hypnosis level towards the state of consciousness and stimulate the controller to provide continuous drug infusion during the interval 80–90 s. Simulation results witness that the oscillatory behaviour is observed in drug infusion to ensure the moderate level of hypnosis (40–60) for general surgery.

AnesthesiaGUIDE: a MATLAB tool to control the anesthesia

“…The results show the controller's capability to achieve and maintain the desired hypnosis level. The duration of the transient responses (induction phase), 50 s, is lesser than in other studies from the literature [7,9,12].…”

“…The ranges between 60-70 and 40-60 represent high and moderate hypnotic conditions, respectively. During the surgery, the target value for the BIS is 50 and it is recommended to be kept between 40 and 60 [6][7][8][9].…”

Rikitake dynamo system, its circuit simulation and chaotic synchronization via quasi-sliding mode control

“…Sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed to tackle many control problems in engineering applications [39]. There are many variants of SMC such as higher order SMC [39], super-twisting SMC [40], integral SMC [41], robust integral SMC [42], and terminal SMC [43]. In this section, quasi-sliding mode control (QSMC)-based master and slave Rikitake chaotic dynamo systems are proposed to guarantee asymptotic convergence of the synchronization errors of the master-slave Rikitake circuits.…”

Process Modeling, Identification Methods, and Control Schemes for Nonlinear Physical Systems – A Comprehensive Review

“…The controller not only improved the overall efficiency and durability of the PEMFC but also prolonged its stack life. The other applications of SMC include hypnosis regulation in propofol anesthesia 94 and robust control of a serial‐link robotic manipulator 95. Inspite of its well‐known property of being insensitive to mathematical modeling errors, parameter uncertainities, and external disturbances, the chattering effect is a severe drawback which is due to the discontinuous mode of the SMC law.…”