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Anonymity services have seen high growth rates with increased usage in the past few years. Among various services, Tor is one of the most popular peer-to-peer anonymizing service. In this survey paper, we summarize, analyze, classify and quantify 26 years of research on the Tor network. Our research shows that 'security' and 'anonymity' are the most frequent keywords associated with Tor research studies. Quantitative analysis shows that the majority of research studies on Tor focus on 'deanonymization' the design of a breaching strategy. The second most frequent topic is analysis of path selection algorithms to select more resilient paths. Analysis shows that the majority of experimental studies derived their results by deploying private testbeds while others performed simulations by developing custom simulators. No consistent parameters have been used for Tor performance analysis. The majority of authors performed throughput and latency analysis.

We developed a crowd sensing application to estimate road conditions (CRATER). CRATER is a smartphone application that opportunistically measures acceleration when it finds itself on the road in order to map and measure the locations of potholes and speedbumps. It does not require input from users, but can report detected potholes and speedbumps to a cloud-hosted application engine, which stores partially processed data received from smartphones of participating users and jointly processes it to obtain a better estimate of road conditions. The information is published in map form on the web. This map allows both citizens and municipal authorities to localize potholes, road segments in need of repair, and imbalances in infrastructure maintenance efforts across cities. Road tests demonstrate that CRATER succeeds in correctly detecting roughly 90% of potholes and 95% of speedbumps, while generating false alarms only about 10% and 5% of the time, respectively.INDEX TERMS Application of wireless sensor networks, smartphone applications, pattern recognition, mobile systems, crowd sensing. I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION