Hypertonic saline resuscitation maintains a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Abstract

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4 + and CD8 + subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4 + lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8 + lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4 + /CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion: In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations regulating network.

Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

“…All the rats suffered approximately 50% blood loss based on their body weight and survived in all the above-mentioned three phases. These results are consistent with our previous studies which reported that rats could survive acute blood loss to 50% 2007a;2007b). Fig.1 shows MAP changes of the rats in the three groups.…”

“…Several laboratory studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury can induce apoptosis (Zhao et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2004). HTS resuscitation might prevent gut ischemiareperfusion injury by inducing overexpression of some cytoprotective proteins such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), reducing the production of oxygenderived free radicals, regulating the inflammatory response, and decreasing oxidative stress (Ozgüç et al, 2003;Attuwaybi et al, 2004;Powers et al, 2005;Gonzalez et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2007b).…”

“…It was soon realized that the physiological vasodilator property of hypertonicity was a useful byproduct of small volume resuscitation in that it induced reperfusion of previously ischemic territories. Subsequently, recent studies disclosed that HTS resuscitation might have favorable immunomodulatory effects and alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs (Attuwaybi et al, 2004;Bulger et al, 2007;Lu et al, 2007b).…”

Immune recovery after fluid resuscitation in rats with severe hemorrhagic shock

“…Severe and controlled hemorrhagic shock was induced according to our previous studies (Lu et al, 2007;. Briefly, while under the mild anesthesia (40 mg/kg pentobarbital IP), acute hemorrhage was initiated (time=0 min) with four controlled blood withdrawals via the right carotid arterial cannula: 10 ml/kg per 5 min for the first two withdrawals, then 5 ml/kg per 5 min for the second two, to yield a total hemorrhage volume of 30 ml/kg.…”

“…In addition, HTS resuscitation suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines (Isayama et al, 2012), and thus might improve immunosuppressive reactions after hemorrhagic shock. Indeed, our previous studies indicate that HTS alleviates immune disorders and limits tissue injury after hemorrhagic shock (Lu et al, 2007;.…”