Hyperthyroidism

Doubleday, Amanda R.; Sippel, Rebecca S.

doi:10.21037/gs.2019.11.01

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…GD can occur at all ages, but is more common in women than in men ( Ehlers et al., 2019 ). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the United States is approximately 1.2% (0.5% overt and 0.7% subclinical) ( Doubleday and Sippel, 2020 ). The prevalence rate of overt hyperthyroidism estimated by a population-based study in Taiwan is around 0.27-0.37%, with an annual incidence of 0.97 to 1.06 cases per 1,000 individuals ( Kornelius et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Graves’ Disease

Chang

Lin

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Graves’ disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism. Evidence suggests that alterations to the gut microbiota may be involved in the development of autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of gut microbiota in GD patients. Fecal samples were collected from 55 GD patients and 48 healthy controls. Using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, the overall bacterial richness and diversity were found to be similar between GD patients and healthy controls. However, principal coordinate analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the overall gut microbiota composition was significantly different (ANOSIM; p < 0.001). The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Firmicutes phylum decreased in GD patients, with a corresponding increase in Bacteroidetes phylum compared to healthy controls. In addition, the families Prevotellaceae, and Veillonellaceae and the genus Prevotella_9 were closely associated with GD patients, while the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the genera Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were associated with healthy controls. Metagenomic profiles analysis yielded 22 statistically significant bacterial taxa: 18 taxa were increased and 4 taxa were decreased. Key bacterial taxa with different abundances between the two groups were strongly correlated with GD-associated clinical parameters using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Importantly, the discriminant model based on predominant microbiota could effectively distinguish GD patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.825). Thus, the gut microbiota composition between GD patients and healthy controls is significantly difference, indicating that gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of GD. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the development of GD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Graves’ Disease

Chang

Lin

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Hyperthyroidism is described as an abnormal excessive production and/or secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis is the medical problem that involves systemic clinical manifestations by the impact of high thyroid hormone levels in tissues [1]. Hyperthyroidism is the major clinical characteristic of Graves' disease (GD) which occurs because of the excessive production of thyroid hormones via follicular cells in response to autoantibody attacks on the thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A correlation study between hyperthyroidism and some apoptosis markers among Iraqi patients

Maaroof

Ibraheem

Ibrahim

2021

eijs

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This study was carried out in the Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad during the period between October 2019 to February 2020. The aim was to measure the level of some apoptosis markers and some autoimmune antibodies related to the thyroid gland in Iraqi patients with hyperthyroidism and evaluate the correlation between all the measured parameters. The study included 88 patients who were divided into three groups; group 1 included 30 newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism patients (24 females, 6 males); group 2 included 30 patients of hyperthyroidism who were under treatment (28, 2 males); group 3 included 28 healthy individuals as control group (22 females, 6 males). Most of the patient's ages ranged between 40 to 60 years (73.3%), while60.7% of the control group were within the same age category. The highest rate of disease was in females compared with males (86.7% vs. 13.3%). The current study included 30% of newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients and 30% of patients undergoing treatment for a while. The majority of the hyperthyroidism patients, both newly diagnosed and treated, were overweight, and they accounted for 53.3% of each group. Highly significant differences (p=0.001) were found in the level of TNF-α in the newly diagnosed and under treatment patient groups in comparison with the level in the control group. The results show a significant decrease in TNF-α level in the treated patients as compared to its levels in the other groups, which indicates that this factor is affected by the given therapy. It was found that 25% of the patients with hyperthyroidism were suffering from diabetes, with a significant correlation (p=0.009) between hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. It was observed that these patients have a significant increase (p=0.038) in the level of p53 as compared to its level in patients with non-diabetic hyperthyroidism patients and healthy subjects. This study shows a non-significant negative correlation between TNF-α and TSH levels (r= -0.06) and a non-significant positive correlation between TNF-α and p53 levels (r= 0.17) in hyperthyroidism patients. The positive correlations between some apoptosis markers and anti-TSHR antibodies and between TSH and these antibodies in hyperthyroidism patients refers to an increase in the concentration of apoptosis markers, which may lead to an increase in the levels of thyroid autoantibodies, which affects thyroid tissue potency and increases thyroid hormone production.

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“…Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are more common in India being 11%, compared to only 2% in the UK and 4.6% in the USA [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The thyroid hormone is secreted from thyroid gland that controls the growth, development of an organism and plays a vital role in maintaining normal human physiology and homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%