Hypertension Prevalence and Blood Pressure Levels in 6 European Countries, Canada, and the United States

Abstract

ARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) remains the most common cause of death in industrialized countries, and hypertension is themostfrequenttreatableriskfactor.The analysis of international variation in risk factors has historically resulted in important insights into the etiology of CVD. 1 Moreover,internationalcomparisonsprovide useful information about achievable levels of risk reduction. Most etiologic research studies 1,2 on geographic variation in hypertension have investigated specific hypotheses, such as the role of fat or salt consumption, often choosing extreme social environments to maximize contrasts. Other projects, most notably the World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (WHO MONICA) Project, sought to characterize overall coronary risk profiles and monitor trends. 3,4 In recent years, many countries have undertaken large-scale national health surveys that include rigorous measurement of cardiovascular risk status. Considerable epidemiologic research has been conducted using these surveys, such as the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). 5,6 When measurements are Author Affiliations and Financial Disclosure are listed at the end of this article.

Cardiovascular risk factors in Chiari malformation and idiopathic intracranial hypertension

“…Thus, for example, the prevalence of arterial hypertension could in the same study be found in about 28% of the North American populations and in 44% of the European population, and in addition with a great variation within Europe (ranging from the lowest frequency of 38% in Italy to the highest frequency of 55% in Germany) (Wolf‐Maier et al., 2003). Population‐based studies are therefore required in order to assess the prevalence of these diseases.…”

Impact of Demographic Features, Lifestyle, and Comorbidities on the Clinical Expression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

“…However, many patients with unequivocal HCM may present with or develop some degree of hypertension, given the high prevalence of hypertension in the adult population 56. In most patients with hypertension, LV wall thickness is normal or only mildly increased (≤13 mm).…”

“…Given the increased myocardial mass and high myocardial oxygen demand, patients with HCM are particularly susceptible to the additional ischemic burden of one or multiple epicardial coronary artery stenosis 73. Not unexpectedly, CAD is a major prognostic indicator in HCM and is associated with an increase in overall mortality, SCD, and cardiac events, with a synergistic rather than additive effect 56. Preventive strategies for atherosclerotic disease should always be considered in patients with HCM and the standards for control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should arguably reflect those used for secondary rather than primary prevention of CAD because of the intrinsic frailty of the HCM myocardium to ischemic insults.…”

Modern Possibilities of Achieving Target Blood Pressure Level in Hypertensive Patients in Outpatient Practice: The Leader Study Results

“…АГ является основной причиной смерти в мире [5] и встречается со стандартизованной по воз-расту и полу частотой от 28% в Северной Америке до 44% в европейских странах [6]. Примерно 54% всех случаев инсульта и 47% случаев ишемической бо-лезни сердца (ИБС) во всем мире связаны с повы-шенным артериальным давлением (АД) по результатам недавно опубликованного эпидемиоло-гического анализа [7].…”