HYPERTENSION: Essential hypertension: the heart and hypertension

Respective impacts of aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension on left ventricular hypertrophy

“…Values for E max ranged between 1.6 mmHg/mL (without aortic stenosis or hypertension) to 3.2 mmHg/ mL (severe aortic stenosis and severe hypertension), which is within the range previously measured in some patients (Dekker et al, 2003). Because ejection fraction is usually normal (50-60%) in adequate concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (Berkin and Ball, 2001), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) was also held constant. Typical constant values were also chosen for unloaded volume, time to maximal elastance, central venous pressure and aortic cross-sectional area (Table 1).…”

“…This pressure overload results in concentric hypertrophy primarily characterized by wall thickening, as new contractile-protein units are generated in parallel to existing ones, whereas the left ventricular cavity volume generally remains unchanged. A few studies tend to show that concentric hypertrophy compensates for the increased left ventricular wall stress and helps to maintain a normal cardiac output (Grossman et al, 1975;Berkin and Ball, 2001).…”

The role of ischaemia and pain in the blood pressure response to exercise stress testing in patients with coronary heart disease

“…For example, elevated blood pressure is commonly observed in CHD patients and is one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. 13,14 Reductions in pain sensitivity have been associated with both sustained and acute increases in blood pressure in experimental animals as well as humans. [5][6][7][15][16][17] Blood pressure-related hypoalagesia has been demonstrated with naturalistic, clinical pain as well as in response to well-controlled experimental pain stimuli.…”

Modeling the impact of concomitant aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta on left ventricular workload

“…Furthermore, in order to better represent the pulmonary venous return flow and the atrio-ventricular interaction, a future model should include a left atrium modeled using a timevarying elastance with a constant venous pressure as input. Finally, it has been reported that ejection fraction, heart rate and stroke volume are usually normal in adequate concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (Berkin and Ball, 2001). Therefore, our simulations considered that all these parameters remained in the normal range and the ventricle response to the overload induced by AS and COA is through the variation of the peak elastance.…”