“…In recent years, various types of multi-scale geometric transforms have been proposed, such as the ridgelet transform [1], the curvelet transform [2], the contourlet transform (CT) [3,4], and the bandelet transform (BT) [5,6]. Further, scholars have proposed several image denoising methods based on these multi-scale geometric transforms to improve the quality of image denoising [7][8][9][10] and applied them in many applications [11][12][13][14].…”