Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Jose, Joyce; Craig, Timothy J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30835-7_20

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Today, we know HP as a collection of lung diseases that can occur in an occupational, recreational or home settings. HP is caused by the repeated exposure to organic or inorganic agents such as avian proteins, chemicals, molds, and bacteria, among others where the subset of HP is categorized by the offending agent [19,20,23]. Individuals are asymptomatic or symptomatic leading to a hypersensitive reaction.…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, HP has been characterized into three stages, acute, sub-acute and chronic but the field seems to be moving towards categorizing HP in a sensitization phase and challenge phase [24]. The onset of symptoms are fever, cough, wheezing, chills and if left untreated patients can experience dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss and fibrosis [23]. Some individuals develop poorly formed granulomas that advance to pulmonary fibrosis [25][26][27][28], which can lead to irreversible dysfunction with an increase in mortality [29], and some patients may even develop emphysema [30,31].…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early diagnosis and treatment of HP and farmer's lung disease may prevent long term effects. However, HP is difficult to diagnose due to patients' symptoms that have similar pathologies to other respiratory diseases such as asthma or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coupled with a lack of a standardized diagnostic testing [23,26,32].…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgG has been shown to be associated with farmer's lung patients that develop symptoms or those that asymptomatic [19,33]. A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has yet to be developed and adapted in the clinical setting or able to differentiate between patients who have been exposed from those that have actual manifestation of the disease [23,37]. Sputum or serum samples may be collected to determine lymphocytosis or alveolitis in bronchial lavage fluid (BAL) [33].…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Response duringSaccharopolyspora rectivirgulaInduced Farmer’s Lung Disease

Elmore¹,

August²

2022

Actinobacteria - Diversity, Applications and Medical Aspects

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Repeated exposures to Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula in some individuals can lead to a hypersensitivity reaction where a pro-inflammatory feedback loop can occur in the interstitial space in the alveoli of the lungs that can ultimately lead to granuloma formation and fibrosis, referred to as Hypersensitivity pneumonitis or Farmer’s Lung Disease. The pathogenesis of FLD is complex and incompletely understood. S. rectivirgula induces an immune response, triggering neutrophil influx into the lung followed by lymphocyte influx of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The cytokine IL17A has been shown to be critical for the development of S. rectivirgula induced Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This chapter will review the immune response leading to the development of S. rectivirgula induced Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

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Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp) or Farmer's Lung Disease (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immune Response duringSaccharopolyspora rectivirgulaInduced Farmer’s Lung Disease

Elmore¹,

August²

2022

Actinobacteria - Diversity, Applications and Medical Aspects

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“…15 Corticosteroids are an effective anti-inflammatory therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases. 16 They reduce immune system activity, accordingly, they are often used in treatment of HP. The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary functions evolution in both non-fibrotic pneumonitis (nfHP) and fibrotic pneumonitis (fHP) patients, starting with the hypothesis that corticosteroid effects would not be the same in nfHP and fHP patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Methyl Prednisolone on Different Radiological Patterns of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Tony¹,

Soliman²,

Salem³

2021

JAA

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Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated disorder that causes inflammation of interstitial lung, bronchioles, and alveoli. Although corticosteroids have been used as first line treatment for HP for many years, it does not provide satisfactory results in all patients. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of oral methylprednisolone on different radiological patterns of HP to identify the most adequate candidates for corticosteroids. Patients and Methods Fifty-three patients with confirmed diagnosis of HP were divided into two groups according to their radiological patterns based on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. The first group included 21 patients with fibrotic HP (fHP), the second group included 32 patients without fibrosis; non-fibrotic HP patients (nfHP). The second group is divided into 3 subgroups: mosaic, attenuation, centrilobular nodules and finally, ground-glass opacities. All patients were administered methylprednisolone by dose 0.5mg/kg/day for eight consecutive weeks. HRCT was performed at the beginning of the study. Spirometry, six-minute walk and oximetry were performed periodically to assess the patients’ progress. Results Upon finalizing the treatment process, a significant improvement was noticed in FEV1 ( p < 0.001), FVC ( p <0.001), six-minute walk test ( p =0.001) and oximetry ( p <0.05) in nfHP compared to the fHP patients. However, there was a significant improvement in ( p <0.01), FVC ( p <0.01), oximetry ( p <0.01) and six-minute walk test ( p <0.01) in fibrotic patients after receiving the treatment. There was no significant difference in the response of FEV1 ( p =0.82), FVC ( p =0.15), six-minute walk test ( p =0.36) and oximetry ( p =0.27) among the subgroups of nfHP patients. Conclusion It was accordingly concluded that corticosteroid treatment is more effective in treatment of nfHP than fHP patients but still has effect on fibrotic patients. There is no significant difference in the response to corticosteroids among nfHP patients’ subgroups.

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The transcriptomic signature of respiratory sensitizers using an alveolar model

Gibb,

Liu,

Sayes

2024

Cell Biol Toxicol

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Environmental contaminants are ubiquitous in the air we breathe and can potentially cause adverse immunological outcomes such as respiratory sensitization, a type of immune-driven allergic response in the lungs. Wood dust, latex, pet dander, oils, fragrances, paints, and glues have all been implicated as possible respiratory sensitizers. With the increased incidence of exposure to chemical mixtures and the rapid production of novel materials, it is paramount that testing regimes accounting for sensitization are incorporated into development cycles. However, no validated assay exists that is universally accepted to measure a substance’s respiratory sensitizing potential. The lungs comprise various cell types and regions where sensitization can occur, with the gas-exchange interface being especially important due to implications for overall lung function. As such, an assay that can mimic the alveolar compartment and assess sensitization would be an important advance for inhalation toxicology. Some such models are under development, but in-depth transcriptomic analyses have yet to be reported. Understanding the transcriptome after sensitizer exposure would greatly advance hazard assessment and sustainability. We tested two known sensitizers (i.e., isophorone diisocyanate and ethylenediamine) and two known non-sensitizers (i.e., chlorobenzene and dimethylformamide). RNA sequencing was performed in our in vitro alveolar model, consisting of a 3D co-culture of epithelial, macrophage, and dendritic cells. Sensitizers were readily distinguishable from non-sensitizers by principal component analysis. However, few differentially regulated genes were common across all pair-wise comparisons (i.e., upregulation of genes SOX9, UACA, CCDC88A, FOSL1, KIF20B). While the model utilized in this study can differentiate the sensitizers from the non-sensitizers tested, further studies will be required to robustly identify critical pathways inducing respiratory sensitization. Graphical Abstract Graphical headlines/headlights Pollutants may trigger lung allergies, but no universal method measures respiratory sensitization potential. In vitro systems can detect respiratory sensitizers, aiding in anticipating and reducing the risks of new materials. Sensitizers and non-sensitizers can be distinguished through transcriptome investigation. The sensitizers tested induced cell differentiation and proliferation pathways while inhibiting immune defense and functionality.

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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Immune Response duringSaccharopolyspora rectivirgulaInduced Farmer’s Lung Disease

Immune Response duringSaccharopolyspora rectivirgulaInduced Farmer’s Lung Disease

Effect of Oral Methyl Prednisolone on Different Radiological Patterns of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

The transcriptomic signature of respiratory sensitizers using an alveolar model

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