Hyperparasitism of <i>Puccinia horiana</i> and other Microcyclic Rusts

Srivastava, A K; Défago, Geneviève; Kern, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1985.tb04338.x

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…tritici (Hänssler et al, 1981), Puccinia striiformis (Mendgen, 1981), Uromyces appendiculatus (Grabski & Mendgen, 1985;Grabski & Mendgen, 1986), Phaeoisariopsis personata and Puccinia arachidis (Ghewande, 1989;Ghewande, 1990;Zambettakis et al, 1985), Uncinula necator (Heintz & Blaich, 1990), Puccinia horiana (Srivastava et al, 1985;Whipps, 1993); Puccinia coronata (Leinhos & Buchenauer, 1992) and Puccinia allii (Uma & Taylor, 1987).…”

Section: Biology and Ecology Of Verticillium Lecaniiunclassified

The insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas and its use for pests control: a review

Alavo¹

2015

JEBAS

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Chemical insecticides play an important role in the control of plant damage and plant diseases. However, extensive use of these products has led to the disruption of ecosystems because of several reasons such as death of non-target species, accumulation of pesticide residues in the environment and food, and buildup of pesticide resistance in the target species. Biological control is one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides and it can be described as the limitation of the abundance of living organisms and their products by other living organisms. Predators, parasitoids, fungi and other beneficial organisms can be used for the biocontrol of insect pests. The fungus Verticillium lecanii is one of the members of Deuteromycetes and it can be used for crop protection. This paper is a review of the international literature related to V. lecanii for the bio-control of insects of agricultural importance.

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Section: Biology and Ecology Of Verticillium Lecaniiunclassified

The insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas and its use for pests control: a review

Alavo¹

2015

JEBAS

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“…Biocontrol activity of Aphanocladium album and Cladosporium uredinicola against P. horiana have also been reported (Srivastava et al, 1985;Sheta, 1996; Garcia-Velasco et al, 2005). However, the efficacy of biocontrol fungi generally requires maintaining crops at high RH for extended periods (Whipps, 1993).…”

Section: Probability Of Survival During Transport or Storagementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas, which is used as a biocontrol agent of greenhouse insects and fungi, is also active against P. horiana (Srivastava et al, 1985;Skripka et al, 2004). Biocontrol activity of Aphanocladium album and Cladosporium uredinicola against P. horiana have also been reported (Srivastava et al, 1985;Sheta, 1996; Garcia-Velasco et al, 2005).…”

Section: Probability Of Survival During Transport or Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed byPuccinia horianaHennings for the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

Rossi¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for Puccinia horiana Hennings (the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust) for the EU territory, identified risk management options and evaluated their effectiveness. The assessment was conducted taking into account current EU legislation. The Panel also provided an opinion on the effectiveness of the present EU requirements against this organism, listed in Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Two major pathways for entry were identified: plant material of susceptible hosts for propagation purposes and cut flowers of Chrysanthemum × morifolium. The probability of further entry of the pest was considered unlikely, as the existing certification schemes for propagation material should reduce the risk of importing infected cuttings. For cut flowers, pest transfer to susceptible hosts is associated with the potentially incorrect disposal of cut flower waste within the vicinity of places of production, which is considered a rare event. The probability of establishment and further spread were both considered very likely. The current overall impact in the risk assessment area was considered minor, with medium uncertainty, mainly because standard protective actions are taken in most EU production areas. Risk reduction options to reduce the probability of entry and spread and mitigate the impact were analysed. Council Directive 2000/29/EC addresses mainly the sanitary status of the propagation material. The Directive cannot prevent the entry, establishment and spread, or mitigate the impact, of the pathogen. Were the current regulation to be removed, the frequency of introduction would probably increase. This poses a risk because, although the pest is widespread in the risk assessment area, not all Member States are infested and not all pest pathotypes are present. If a statutory certification system, with associated import requirements for propagation material of host plants, were introduced, this would include practically all prescriptions of the present regulation. © European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSChrysanthemum × morifolium, Chrysanthemum spp., European Union, risk reduction, white rust of chrysanthemum. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Puccinia horiana, for the EU territory, and to identify risk management options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the present EU requirements against this organism, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the risk assessment following the general principles of the -Guidance on a harmonized framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options‖ (EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), 2010) an...

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“…In addition to C. tenuissimum mentioned above, a number of other species of Cladosporium also attack various rust fungi (Tsuneda and Hiratsuka 1979;Sharma and Heather 1980;Srivastava et al 1985;Uma and Taylor 1987;Morgan-Jones and McKemy 1990;de Nooij and Paul 1992;Barros et al 1999). While some of these are clearly invasive necrotrophs, information on the trophic modes of other species is not available.…”

Section: Figs 13-16mentioning

confidence: 93%

Light- and electron-microscopic observations of Cladosporium sp. growing on basidia of Exobasidum camelliae var. gracilis

2007

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Basidia of the plant-pathogenic fungus Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis Shirai became exposed on the abaxial side of an infected leaf of Camellia sasanqua Thunb. following the sloughing of the undersurface of the leaf. Basidia were formed in tremendous numbers in a distinct hymenium that appeared as a white, felt-like layer. Subsequently, colonies of another fungus, Cladosporium sp. appeared, initially as tiny dark dots on this white layer, but quickly increased in size to form larger circular colonies that were olive-brown to dark brown in color. Adjacent colonies sometimes merged to form larger growths with irregular margins that often covered much of the hymenium on the underside of an E. camelliaeinfected leaf. The hyphae that made up a young Cladosporium sp. colony were primarily confined to the surface of the E. camelliae hymenium, and we found no evidence that hyphae actually penetrated living basidia. However, E. camelliae basidia overrun by Cladosporium sp. eventually showed signs of necrosis and finally collapsed and died, creating a slightly sunken area in the hymenium. Hyphae of Cladosporium sp. grew throughout the remains of the dead basidia, but did not appear to spread into the leaf tissue above the pseudoparenchymatous layer of hyphae that gave rise to the basidia. Based upon our observations, it is clear that Cladosporium sp. is a necrotrophic mycoparasite. More specifically, it qualifies as a contact necrotrophic, since it kills basidia without first penetrating them with its hyphae.Résumé : Les basides du champignon phytopathogène Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis Shirai, apparaissent du côté abaxial des feuilles infectées du Camellia sasanqua Thunb., suite au décollement de la surface inférieure de la feuille. Les basides se forment en très grand nombre sur un hyménium distinct, qui apparaît sous forme d'une couche blanche feutrée. Les colonies du Cladosporium sp. apparaissent d'abord comme de petits points, sur cette couche blanche, mais augmentent rapidement de dimension pour former de larges colonies circulaires, allant du brun olivâtre au brun foncé. Des colonies adjacentes se fusionnent occasionnellement les unes aux autres pour former des colonies plus larges aux pourtours irréguliers, lesquelles recouvrent souvent une bonne partie de l'hyménium, sur la face inférieure des feuilles infectées par l'E. camelliae. Les hyphes constituant une jeune colonie sont surtout confinées à la surface de l'hyménium, mais on observe aucune preuve que les hyphes du Cladosporium sp. pénètrent effectivement les basides vivantes. Cependant, les basides recouvertes de Cladosporium sp., montrent éventuellement des signes de nécrose et s'affaissent avant de mourir, créant ainsi une faible dépression dans l'hyménium. Les hyphes du Cladosporium sp. poussent parmi les résidus de basides mortes, mais ne semblent pas s'étendre dans les tissus foliaires au-delà de la couche parenchymateuse des hyphes qui donnent naissance aux basides. Sur la base de ces observations, il est clair que le Cladosporium sp. est un ...

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Hyperparasitism of Puccinia horiana and other Microcyclic Rusts

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

The insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas and its use for pests control: a review

The insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas and its use for pests control: a review

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed byPuccinia horianaHennings for the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

Light- and electron-microscopic observations of Cladosporium sp. growing on basidia of Exobasidum camelliae var. gracilis

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