“…Besides perfusion abnormalities, AP is also characterized by local and systemic inflammatory responses, including leukocyte activation as well as release of free radicals and cytokines [12][13][14] . Many therapeutic agents, such as dextran, heparin, p r o c a i n e, L -a r g i n i n e, a n t i ox i d a n t s, o r c y t o k i n e antagonists, have been tested experimentally and/or clinically to improve pancreatic tissue perfusion during AP, however, no significantly successful result has been achieved [1,4,[15][16][17][18] . Epidural anesthesia (EA) that is used to induce analgesia in the perioperative period might be an interesting treatment of the microcirculatory blood flow abnormalities.…”