Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension; Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Various Induction Methods and Their Management by Ethnomedicines

Abstract

Fundamental to cardiovascular diseases are two peril factors, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. These are leading cause of deaths in both developing as well urbanized countries and treated with many synthetic medicines that may attain their platue in effectiveness and having many side effects. So, therefore utmost need to seek out safe and well tolerated medicinal plants for management with scientific appraisal by using various animal models. Hence there is an agreement from many scientific facts that medicinal plants have less side effects and proven beneficial in lowering hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Hyperlipidemia causes atherosclerosis, which ultimately leads to cardiovascular diseases while in case of hypertension many factors contribute towards development of cardiovascular diseases, most importantly renin angiotensin system and sympathetic system activation. Many synthetic medicines available for treatment of these factors but allied with side effects that overcome by use of medicinal plants that are made available for human use by conducting first experiments in animal models by inducing hypertension and hyperlipidemia by various techniques and after that treating with medicinal plants. Hence review elaborated some methods of induction and various plants having hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects.

Comparative effects of quercetin and hydroalcoholic extract of Otostegia persica boiss with atorvastatin on atherosclerosis complication in male wistar rats

“…Positive control group: It includes rats, which were kept under standard laboratory conditions for 40 days, and then they daily received 1 mg/kg saline water through gavage for 28 days (Amna, Uzma, Umme, Farha, & Ambreen, 2016).…”

“…Sham group: It includes rats which were on a high-fat diet with cholesterol (2% each day) for 40 days, and then they daily received 1 mg/kg saline water through gavage for 28 days (Amna et al, 2016).…”

“…Cholesterol 2% (Merck co of Germany; Product code: 103672) gavage and a high-fat diet containing cholesterol 2%, carbohydrate 40%, lipid 15%, protein 40%, and 3% fiber were used for 40 days to create atherosclerosis and create atheroma plaque in rats (Amna et al, 2016).…”

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antidiabetic Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Opuntia dillenii Fruits Collected from Morocco

“…ey are also used as additives in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries [10]. Many researchers have focused their investigations on characterizing the properties of plants of the genus Opuntia to form a useful database for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases [11,12]. In particular, plants of this genus are known for their analgesic, antihyperglycemic [13], inflammatory [14], antifungal [15], anticancer [16,17], hepatoprotective [18,19], and antidiabetic activities [16,20,21].…”