Hyperkalemia With Cardiac Arrhythmia

Yap, Vicente U.

doi:10.1001/jama.1976.03270250043025

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hyperkalemia is often discovered on routine laboratory monitoring or classic ECG changes [3]. The ECG findings in hyperkalemia include tall T waves, prolonged PR interval, shortening of QT interval, and reduction in amplitude of P waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperkalemia from Dietary Supplements

Batra

Villgran

2016

Cureus

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Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte problem in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is typically caused by medications in patients with poor kidney function. Patients with comorbodities such as heart failure and diabetes are predisposed to electrolyte problems. Salt substitutes and dietary supplements are uncommon causes of hyperkalemia, but we propose that they are under-recognized and underdiagnosed causes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Our case report and literature review illustrates that a careful dietary history is essential in patients presenting with electrolyte disorders, especially hyperkalemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperkalemia from Dietary Supplements

Batra

Villgran

2016

Cureus

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“…and Cs ? [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, most of the relevant 13 C-labeled substrates are commercially available as sodium salts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Dissolution DNP-MR Substrates for Metabolic Research

Karlsson¹,

Jensen²,

Duus

et al. 2012

Appl Magn Reson

106

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Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) provides a broadly applicable and rather simple means of developing probes for the real-time molecular imaging of cellular functions in vivo. The development of novel dissolution DNP substrate formulations is only rewarding for substrates that yield detectable metabolism within few minutes. In addition, in vivo preparations usually require amorphous samples at molar substrate concentrations for an efficient and reproducible DNP step with sufficient material. The composition ranges of novel substrate preparations need to be established experimentally owing to the solute's impact on vitrification behavior. Here, we describe simple rationales employed in the development of novel substrate preparations for dissolution DNP-magnetic resonance. Solution state substrate polarizations between 10 and 40 % have been obtained for *40 metabolic substrates in highly concentrated preparations that yield physiologically tolerable solutions with sufficient T 1 for in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance. Substrate metabolism is observed for novel in vivo substrates such as 3-hydroxybutyrate and aspartate.

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Clinical Features and Management of Poisoning Due to Potassium Chloride

Saxena

1989

Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp

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Potassium is one of the most abundant ions in the human body and yet it is difficult to assess potassium balance. Potassium chloride is extensively used as a potassium supplement, both by physicians as a therapeutic modality and by the general public, mostly in the form of salt substitute. Therapeutically, both the oral and intravenous forms of potassium are utilised. Overdose of potassium is not as frequently encountered in clinical practice as hyperkalaemia (excess potassium in the body) due to acute or chronic renal disease. Potassium homeostasis is maintained very delicately and is governed by the daily consumption of potassium and the renal excretion mechanisms. Any change in these or related factors can present as hyperkalaemia. However, potassium overdoses leading to serious consequences do occur. Orally, the dose of potassium has to be large enough so that the normal excretory mechanisms for potassium are overcome and clinical toxicity occurs. It takes a much bigger dose of ingested potassium to produce toxicity in a person with normal renal function than in patients with compromised renal function. Potassium toxicity manifests in significant, characteristic, acute cardiovascular changes with ECG abnormalities. Besides cardiovascular effects, neuromuscular manifestations in the form of general muscular weakness and ascending paralysis occur. Gastrointestinal symptoms manifest as nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, and local mucosal necrosis which may lead to perforation. It is imperative when treating hyperkalaemia that the whole clinical picture is taken into account rather than the numerical potassium values. Only the extracellular potassium can be measured in the laboratory, yet 98% of the body potassium is intracellular and cannot be measured. In acute overdose situations due to ingestion of potassium salt, the general principles of treatment for overdoses should be followed. Calcium chloride infusion, dextrose and insulin in water, and correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate are helpful in controlling the acute, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. These modalities do not remove the excess potassium from the body. That is achieved either by utilising ion-exchange resins or by mechanically removing potassium via haemodialysis. To curtail inadvertent or accidental potassium overdoses, physicians should prescribe any potassium supplements very carefully to their patients and monitor the plasma potassium periodically.

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Hyperkalemia With Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Hyperkalemia from Dietary Supplements

Hyperkalemia from Dietary Supplements

Development of Dissolution DNP-MR Substrates for Metabolic Research

Clinical Features and Management of Poisoning Due to Potassium Chloride

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