Hyperinsulinemia: Best management practice

Abstract

Chronic hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance is directly and indirectly associated with many metabolic disorders that contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. Because hyperinsulinemia is not widely recognised as an independent health risk, there are few studies that assess management strategies. Medication management may not address the multiple issues associated with hyperinsulinemia. Lifestyle management includes physical activity, especially high intensity interval training, and dietary management. Reducing carbohydrate quantity and increasing nutrient density are discussed with carbohydrate-restricted and Mediterranean diets conferring additional benefits to a low-fat diet. Physical activity and dietary management provide the foundation for hyperinsulinemia management and may work synergistically. Of these principles, a combination of resistance and high intensity interval training, and carbohydrate restriction provide the two most effective frontline management strategies for managing hyperinsulinemia.

Acute effect of Clitoria ternatea flower beverage on glycemic response and antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects: a randomized crossover trial

“…Recently, hyperinsulinemia has been associated with the development of metabolic syndromes and gestational and type 2 diabetes [ 31 ]. Furthermore, postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia play an important role in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion [ 31 , 32 ]. Overproduction of ROS predominates the endogenous antioxidant capacity, causing imbalance of antioxidative defenses and consequently oxidative damage to the protein, lipids and DNA [ 33 ].…”

“…The delayed digestion of sucrose and absorption of glucose after berries consumption contributed to lower postprandial insulin response. In addition, the reduced hyperinsulinemia has been associated with reduced the risk of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, and metabolic syndromes [ 32 , 36 ]. Our findings showed the suppression of the peak postprandial glucose and insulin concentration after consumption of CTE and sucrose.…”

Hyperinsulinemia and Its Pivotal Role in Aging, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

“…In humans, there are at present three main strategies to prevent and manage hyperinsulinemia: reducing calorie intake, increasing hepatic insulin clearance and maximizing insulin sensitivity [164]. However, at this moment it is unclear which strategy is the best for preventing/managing hyperinsulinemia.…”

“…However, at this moment it is unclear which strategy is the best for preventing/managing hyperinsulinemia. Any dietary approach that causes weight loss improves hyperinsulinemia as body fat can only be stored, rather than oxidized in the presence of high insulin levels [164]. Only a few studies have studied the direct specific effects of a diet on hyperinsulinemia.…”

“…Only a few studies have studied the direct specific effects of a diet on hyperinsulinemia. Although a carbohydrate-restricted Mediterranean diet theoretically may confer the best effects, further research is needed to determine which diet is the best to modify hyperinsulinemia [164]. Studies during short-term very low calorie diets (VLCD) have found an increased hepatic insulin clearance and decline in plasma insulin concentrations, supporting that hepatic insulin clearance can be increased by energy restriction [165].…”