Hypericin as a potential drug for treating Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes with a view to drug repositioning

Abstract

AimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two of the most common diseases in elderly population and they have a high rate of comorbidity. Study has revealed that T2D is a major risk factor of AD, and thus exploring therapeutic approaches that can target both diseases has drawn much interest in recent years. In this study, we tried to explore drugs that could be potentially used to prevent or treat both AD and T2D via a drug repositioning approach.MethodsWe first searched the known drugs that may be effective to T2D treatment based on the network distance between the T2D‐associated genes and drugs deposited in the DrugBank database. Then, via molecular docking, we further screened these drugs by examining their interaction with islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and Aβ42 peptide, the key components involved in the pathogenesis of T2D or AD. Finally, the binding between the selected drug candidates and the target proteins was verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; and the potential function of the drug candidates and the corresponding targets were analyzed.ResultsFrom multiple resources, 734 T2D‐associated genes were collected, and a list of 1109 drug candidates for T2D was obtained. We found that hypericin had the lowest binding energy and the most stable interaction with either IAPP or Aβ42 peptide. In addition, we also found that the target genes regulated by hypericin were differentially expressed in the tissues related to the two diseases.ConclusionOur results show that hypericin may be able to bind with IAPP and Aβ42 stably and prevent their accumulation, and thus could be a promising drug candidate for treating the comorbidity of AD and T2D.

<i>In silico</i> evaluation of hypericin and pseudohypericin as candidates for monkeypox treatment

“…The antiviral properties of both compounds have been established in numerous studies, encompassing herpes simplex types 1 and 2, and HIV-1 (Barnes et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2022). Hypericin is actively employed in the development of drugs or intermediate compounds for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) (Jendželovská et al, 2016;Yuan et al, 2023). Due to their ability to inhibit protein kinases (Takahashi et al, 1989), hypericin and pseudohypericin are the most promising compounds for blocking MPXV-TMPK activity.…”