Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review

Verberg, M.F.G.; Gillott, D.J.; Al-Fardan, N.; Grudzinskas, J.G.

doi:10.1093/humupd/dml050

Cited by 39 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition characterized by a rare and severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, which generally occurs between the fourth and 10th weeks and disappears by the 20 th week of pregnancy. It affects 0.3-2% of pregnancies, and is the most frequent cause of hospitalization during the first half of gestation (Verberg et al, 2005). The most probable cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is HCG, as the higher incidence of this pathology coincides with the HCG peak in serum, and HCG levels are increased in this condition (Derbent et al, 2011;Niemeijer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Other Pregnancy-related Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine function of human placenta: an overview

Costa

2016

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

261

173

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During pregnancy, several tightly coordinated and regulated processes take place to enable proper fetal development and gestational success. The formation and development of the placenta is one of these critical pregnancy events. This organ plays essential roles during gestation, including fetal nourishment, support and protection, gas exchange and production of several hormones and other mediators. Placental hormones are mainly secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast, in a highly and tightly regulated way. These hormones are important for pregnancy establishment and maintenance, exerting autocrine and paracrine effects that regulate decidualization, placental development, angiogenesis, endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, immunotolerance and fetal development. In addition, because they are released into maternal circulation, the profile of their blood levels throughout pregnancy has been the target of intense research towards finding potential robust and reliable biomarkers to predict and diagnose pregnancy-associated complications. In fact, altered levels of these hormones have been associated with some pathologies, such as chromosomal anomalies or pre-eclampsia. This review proposes to revise and update the main pregnancy-related hormones, addressing their major characteristics, molecular targets, function throughout pregnancy, regulators of their expression and their potential clinical interest.

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Section: Other Pregnancy-related Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine function of human placenta: an overview

Costa

2016

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

261

173

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“…The combination of biochemical thyrotoxicosis and persistent vomiting is also common in the context of hyperemesis gravidarum, often occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy [9]. This selflimiting disorder, termed transient gestational hyperthyroidism, results from stimulation of TSH receptors by high levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) produced by the placenta.…”

Section: Hyperemesis Gravidarummentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Kyriacou

McLaughlin

Syed

2015

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…APC, activated protein C; VWF:Ag, von Willebrand factor antigen. [25][26][27]71,72 clinical probability assessed by patient history, clinical findings, D-dimer assay, and imaging tests. An accurate diagnosis of a new acute symptomatic VTE during pregnancy is imperative, not only because of VTE-related mortality and bleeding risk of anticoagulant treatment but also because it alters the management of subsequent pregnancies, and forms a contraindication to the use of further hormonal therapy, for instance oral contraceptives.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Venous Thromboembolism

Nijkeuter

2013

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which complicates 1 to 2 of 1,000 pregnancies and represents a leading cause of mortality during pregnancy in developed countries. Strong evidence for the management of pregnancy-related VTE is missing, mostly because pregnant women have been excluded from all major trials investigating different diagnostic tools and treatment regimens. Nevertheless, proper evaluation of the involved risk factors is mandatory to reduce the incidence of pregnancy-related VTE and improve outcomes. Low-molecular-weight heparins are considered as a first-line option in the management of pregnancy-related VTE. With regard to future research, there is a need for methodologically strong studies in pregnant women, especially with respect to risk stratification, optimal heparin doses, usefulness of anti-FXa levels and their correlation with clinical outcomes, and correct management of anticoagulation during delivery.

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Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The endocrine function of human placenta: an overview

The endocrine function of human placenta: an overview

Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Pregnancy and Venous Thromboembolism

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