Hypercrosslinked polymers: basic principle of preparing the new class of polymeric materials

Swellable functional hypercrosslinked polymer networks for the uptake of chemical warfare agents

“…Toluene (10 mmol) was added to anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) under a flow of nitrogen, followed by formaldehyde dimethyl acetal (15,16,17,19,20,23,25,27,30,40, or 50 mmol for 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 3, 4, or 5 equivalents of FDA, respectively). An equimolar amount of iron(III) chloride (15,16,17,19,20,23,25,27,30,40, or 50 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture heated at 80°C for 18 hours. After cooling the solid product was removed by filtration and washed with methanol several times.…”

“…swelling) thereby relieving the inner-stress which is created upon removal of the reaction solvent to form the dry polymer network. 30 The swelling of HCPs is largely independent of the properties of the solvent or guest molecule. This is due to the weak inter chain interactions that exist in the polymer network as a result of the high number of bridges introduced during the crosslinking reaction.…”

Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

“…[ 84 ] Hypercrosslinking is a technique in which a polymer is swollen in a 'good' solvent, then the polymer is crosslinked, whereby on the removal of the solvent the swollen state of the polymer remains, forming a secondary pore structure [ 85 ] and resulting in high surface areas of up to 2000 m 2 g − 1 (measured by N 2 adsorption). [ 86 ] VBC-based polyHIPEs were hypercrosslinked via the Davankov method, [ 87 ] which involves the Friedel-Crafts crosslinking of benzyl chloride groups which results in the formation of methylene bridges between aromatic rings. These polyHIPEs have been investigated as support materials for catalysts [ 84 b] and could potentially be used for the purifi cation of water supplies, [ 88 ] as a sorbent for solid phase extraction, [ 89 ] or as a column for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [ 90 ] utilizing both the macroporous structure of the polyHIPE, allowing for high permeability of liquids through the foam, and the microporous substructure which imparts the high surface contact that is desirable for the adsorption of molecules.…”

Thiourea modified hyper‐crosslinked polystyrene resin for heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solutions

“…15 It can be synthesized from low crosslinked polystyrene by its self Friedel-Crafts reaction, which exhibits a great increase in the specific surface area, pore volume and enhanced adsorption of the aromatic compounds after the reaction. [16][17][18] However, it is necessary to introduce some specific functional groups on the surface of adsorbents, with the aim to improve their adsorption performance toward heavy metal ions. [19][20][21] Adsorbents containing the amino groups (ANH 2 ), hydroxyl groups(AOH), sulfonic (ASO 3 H), and carboxylic (ACOOH) groups have been developed for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions because these introduced functional groups can significantly improve their adsorption properties after modification of the chemical composition.…”