Hypercalcaemia - A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis - A Case Report

Abstract

Hypercalcaemia is defined as a serum calcium level of more than 10.50 mg/dl. Although there are several causative factors for hypercalcaemia, primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the two most common causes encountered in clinical practice. Other causes include vitamin D intoxication, granulomatous diseases like sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and some fungal infections, thyrotoxicosis, Addison’s disease, milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin A intoxication, therapy with thiazide diuretics and lithium, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and prolonged immobilization. All these account for fewer than 10 % of all causes of hypercalcaemia. These rare causes of hypercalcaemia are important to consider in certain clinical situations when the underlying cause of hypercalcaemia cannot be attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism or overt malignancy.[1]

Tuberculous granulomatous inflammation of parathyroid adenoma manifested as primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report and a review of the literature

“…Parathyroid adenoma is a type of parathyroid proliferative disease. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism typically present with elevated blood calcium levels with high parathyroid hormone levels (17,18). However, the impact of primary TB on parathyroid function remains unknown.…”

“…Hypercalcemia is defined as a blood calcium level >10.50 mg/dl. Primary hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis and TB may induce hypercalcemia (17). In primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia occurs from osteoclast activation due to vitamin D-mediated granulomatous diseases (7).…”