“…Recent studies have also implicated GRP170 in tumorigenesis associated with several cancers, including bladder, papillary thyroid, and breast. Of note, overexpression of GRP170 correlates with poor outcomes, increased cell mobility, and proliferation (Wang et al, 2023), (Wang et al, 2021), (Lee et al, 2021), (Hao et al, 2021). In addition, a requirement for GRP170 NEF activity in both cholera toxin and polyomavirus pathogenesis was uncovered, since GRP170 releases BiP from the toxin/virus, which is needed for ER to the cytosol retrotranlsocation and pathogenesis (Inoue and Tsai, 2015), (Williams et al, 2015).…”