Hygrothermal Durability and Thermal Aging Behavior Prediction of High-Temperature Polymer-Matrix Composites and Their Resins

Abstract

Prediction of the cure-induced Tg increases and associated matrix and composite mechanical property deterioration of BMI systems in real service environments is attempted by network structure interrelations with mechanical and thermal properties as a function of composition (initial monomer ratio) and time-temperature cure cycles. Tensile and flexural properties of four BMI compositions at six different cure cycles (or degree of cure) have been determined at three temperatures, 230C, 1 770C, and 250'C, and correlated to Tg and density of the systems. Systematic studies on hygrothermal durability of bismaleimide (BMI) and various polyimide (PI)-carbon fiber composites and neat resins were conducted. The combined effects of moisture and thermal exposures such as hygrothermal spikes up to 250'C and hygrothermal aging under various time-temperature-moisture conditions including accelerated aging at saturated steam environment (1 60'C and 1 10 psi) on microscopic damage, polymer-matrix physical structural state, and residual properties of those composites and neat resins are presented. The onset of blistering in moist K3B PI C fiber composites occurred at 2290C during the thermal spiking. It is evident that the hygrothermal performance stability is one of the prime guidelines in future aerospace applications, especially for PI composites. The physical and chemical structural state of PI matrices such as K3B and AFR700B as a function of hygrothermal exposure are discussed in terms of hydrolytic chemical degradation, moisture vapor-induced physical damage, and molecularly locked-in water. Those structural states are characterized by systematic weight monitoring 2H NMR, and various thermal, mechanical property measurements using D20 water environment.

Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review

“…However the most relevant reports on epoxy and bismaleimide are reviewed. The hydrolysis of polyimides at high pH has been reported [ 346 , 347 ].…”

Temperature and anisotropy effects in the application of the hindered diffusion model to composite laminates

“…thermal aging following immersion and immersion following thermal analysis. [9][10][11][12] Additionally, mathematical modeling of diffusion in polymer composite systems is of critical importance in order to predict the extent of degradation as a result of moisture ingress and to identify diffusion mechanisms. The direct correlation between property loss and moisture content has driven numerous researchers to develop and test various predictive models of moisture absorption, including the previous and related work on "hindered' diffusion models by Grace et al [13][14][15][16][17][18] and other models reviewed by Wang et al 8 Accurate prediction of moisture content within a polymer composite at a specified time is a prerequisite to estimating structural integrity over time and limits on the safe lifespan of a structure in a given environment.…”

Moisture absorption and hydrothermal aging of phenylethynyl-terminated pyromellitic dianhydride-type asymmetric polyimide and composites

“…Hydrothermal stability of polyimide systems has been a primary concern for aerospace applications, because polyimides are hydrophilic polymers and thus susceptible to moisture. 5,6 The general effects of moisture include the hydrolysis of imide units and water plasticization. [5][6][7] Hydrolysis can depolymerize polyimides by opening imide rings to form polyamic acids, followed by chain scission and regeneration of monomers (or even demonomerization), resulting in degradation of dry mechanical properties.…”