Hygienic assessment of the overwroughtness of educational activity in schoolchildren of 5-10 classes of secondary schools

Abstract

The state of health in children and adolescents during the time of education in secondary schools is getting worse: the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases is increasing. There was executed the assessment of the overwroughtness of the training-education process in secondary school institutions. The prior characteristics of the educational activity are: intellectual, sensory, emotional loads; their monotony and mode of educational activity, school work intensity. The system of indices of the overwroughtness of the education labour was formed with account ofpsycho-physiological characteristics of children's organism. There was performed the research of the overwroughtness of educational activity in 820 schoolchildren. The overwroughtness of the educational process was evaluated on the basis of chronometry research, questionnaire survey of teachers and parents, and with taking into account the organization of educational process. In questionnaire survey there were involved 52 teachers and 389 parents. The assessment of overwroughtness factors of the educational activity was carried out in 5-10th classes for academic disciplines: Russian Language, Literature, Mathematics, History, Geography, Foreign Languages. It was found that the characteristics of "mental load" in schoolchildren are established to be the one of the main limiting factors that allow to refer training activities to "overwroughted of first degree" (3.1 class). Sensory loads on the studied academic subjects are rated as the second class of overwroughtness and are "permissible." The monotony of loads was revealed to correspond to 1st and 2nd class of overwroughtness and is therefore an optimal or acceptable. Training activities in the traditional educational institution corresponds to the 2nd class of overwroughtness - "permissible." The arduousness of the educational process in an innovative school is rated as the third class of the first degree ofthe overwroughtness (3.1). According to results of the study of the arduousness of the educational labor the study of mathematics in grades 5-9 on indices of the mental load was noted to correspond to the 1st degree of arduous activity (3.1 class). The acceptable level of the arduousness of the training and educational labour in nearly all classes was established in the Russian language, Literature, History and Geography, Foreign language. High school students are established to be exposed to effects of emotional load more than mid-level students. There are developed proposals on the optimization of the learning process, allowing to reduce the level of intellectual, sensory, emotional load.

Hygienic Aspects of Educational Activity of Secondary School Children and Its Impact on Health

“…При інтенсивній або тривалій розумовій діяльності у школярів розвивається стомлення. Його біологічне значення може бути як захисною реакцією від надмірного виснаження організму, так і стимулятором відновних процесів [23].…”

“…Режим роботи включає тривалість учбового часу, зміна видів діяльності, наявність перерв та їх тривалість. Тому основними напрямками оптимізації напруженості учбової діяльності є зниження інтелектуальних та емоційних навантажень та виконання гігієнічних вимог щодо організації учбового процесу та відпочинку серед учнів основної школи [29].…”

Assessing probability of comorbid diseases of the CNS and digestive organs in children under combined exposure to chemical factors and factors related to educational process

“…В современных условиях неудовлетворительное качество объектов окружающей среды, напряженный и интенсивный характер воспитательнообразовательного процесса, сопровождающийся снижением физической активности, способны оказывать сочетанное негативное воздействие на состояние ведущих систем жизнеобеспечения у детей школьного возраста. Это может проявляться функ-циональными нарушениями со стороны органов пищеварения, в первую очередь в виде нарушений моторики вследствие изменения нервной регуляции, вызванной вегетативной дисфункцией в силу единого патогенетического механизма развития заболеваний (коморбидность) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…На основании результатов оценки совокупности несоответствий режима образовательного процесса требованиям СанПиН 2.4.2.2821-10 и напряженности учебной деятельности рекомендациям ФР РОШУМЗ-16-2015, а также установленной прямой модели зависимости развития у школьников заболеваний нервной системы и органов пищеварения от воздействия факторов образовательного процесса из 18 анализируемых факторов в качестве маркеров экспозиции образовательного процесса обоснованы четыре фактора (интеллектуальные, эмоциональные нагрузки, монотонность нагрузок и продолжительность непрерывного использования технических средств обучения (ТСО)) 1 .…”

Assessing probability of comorbid diseases of the CNS and digestive organs in children under combined exposure to chemical factors and factors related to educational process

“…All this can exert combined negative impacts on the state of schoolchildren's leading vital systems. It can result in functional disorders in the digestive organs, first of all, motility disorders due to changes in nervous regulation caused by vegetative dysfunction as a pathogenic mechanism of diseases occurrence is common in this case (comorbidity) [1][2][3][4][5].…”