Hygienic assessment of sows feeding level at different physiological state

Abstract

Efficiency of nutrients and feed energy use in pigs largely depends on age, live weight, physiological status and type of feeding. Particular attention should be paid to the feeding conditions of the breeding stock, which has a direct influence on the productivity of sows and the quality of the young. Two farms in the Lviv region assessed the value and balance of rations. Were studied and analyzed rations for blank, pregnant and lactating sows and their compliance with the feeding standards, as well as the needs of the organism in different physiological periods. Analyzing nutrient content in the ration of the blank sow of Zolochiv district, there was a lack of exchange energy, digestible protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, while ensuring carotene only 1% and excess of feed units. The lack of cobalt was 92.8%, zinc 72.7%, manganese 50.7%, iron 54.4%. A similar situation was with the provision of vitamins. For pregnant sows, the level of exchange energy exceeded the norm by 11.5%, feed units by 31.6%, and the lack of digestible protein was 18.9%, cellulose 42.6%, calcium 98.3%, phosphorus 63.3%, with complete absence of carotene. According to the trace element content, a lack was found in the range of 92 to 40%. The level of provision of already lactating sows of the same farm, the exchange energy was 17.8% less than needed. Lack of feed units was 2.8%, digestible protein 34.5%, cellulose 30.8%, and the provision by the trace element content of the ration was only 14.4%, 34.7% according to the need for calcium, phosphorus and carotene respectively. When analyzing the nutrient content in the feeding ration of the blank sows of the Staryj Sambir region, it should be noted that the lack of exchange energy is 13.92%, feed units – 14.38%, digestible protein - 28.29%, fiber – 59.0%. Blank sows were provided with calcium only by 14.5%, phosphorus by 26.4%, with complete absence of carotene. In the case of pregnant sows, then they were not provided with the main nutrients of the feed. Thus, the content of exchange energy and feed units was 4.45% and 6.45% lower than it needed an organism of animals. However, the rest of the constituents of the animal's ration were provided even less, in the absence of carotene. The level of provision for lactating sows, too, was far from the norm, while other components of the ration noticed even greater imbalance. The level of micronutrient and vitamin supplements was low. Consequently, according to research results, the level of supply of energy from sows of both farms and all physiological groups amounted to 82–95% of the need. Sow was only provided with digestible protein for 65–87%. With the regard to vitamin and mineral supplements, the best situation with methionine + cysteine, which all animals were provided with 72–99%, the lack of other components in both the first and second farms are offset by complementary mineral fodder mixtures.

Sanitary-hygienic and technological support - the basis of biosecurity of pig breeding farms

“…Забезпечення захисту свиней, підвищення неспецифічної резистентності організму і продуктивного потенціалу до стресових впливів є одним із головних завдань ефективності галузі свинарства (Solà-Oriol, & Gasa, 2017;Lee et al, 2016;Chowdhury, Haque, Islam, & Khaleduzzaman, 2009;Danchuk, Karpovskyі, Trokoz, & Postoі, 2017). До факторів, що стримують розвиток свинарства слід віднести незаразні хвороби, на частку яких припадає 60-80 % випадків захворюваності через недотримання мікроклімату (Cherny, Shchepetilnikov, Mytrofanov, & Machula, 2019;Lukashchuk, Slivinska, & Shcherbatyy, 2018;Pluske, Turpin, & Kim, 2018), порушення режимів годівлі та напування (Lykhach, Lykhach, Ivanov, & Zasukha 2017;Krempa, Kozenko, & Chornyi,2020), адинамії і гіпоксії, раннього відлучення поросят і перегрупувань, високої контамінації повітря мікрофлорою (Rybachuk, Galatyuk, & Romanyshyna, 2019) і недотримання принципу «все порожньо-все зайнято», а також неповноцінної годівлі (Grushanska, & Kostenko, 2017;Krempa, & Kozenko, 2018). Досліджень щодо так званих «факторних інфекцій» або «патологій високих технологій», як зараз озвучують, недостатньо, хоча вони і завдають значної шкоди інтенсивному свинарству.…”

Dynamics of blood immunological indicators in the period of the reproductive cycle under different technologies of keeping

“…Говорячи про захисні властивості організму свиней, зокрема свиноматок відтворювального періоду, не можна не враховувати особливостей сучасних технологій їхнього утримання, потоковості виробництва свинини, великої кількості санітарно-гігієнічних обробок, часто невідповідних умов утримання та годівлі (Kalio et al, 2018;Krempa and Kozenko, 2018). Етологічні та добробутні потреби тварин зазвичай майже не враховують (Kozmenko, 2011;Kozmenko and Herasymenko, 2011;Czycholl et al, 2018).…”