“…Synthetic scaffolds have also been explored for use as tracheal replacements. Clinical trials of solid prostheses have included materials such as stainless steel (Cotton et al, 1952), steel coil (Beattie et al, 1956), silicone (Neville et al, 1990), polyethylene (Clagett et al, 1952), Teflon (Ekestrom and Carlens, 1959), and hydroxylapatite (Hirano et al, 1989). However, most solid prostheses eventually fail to become well integrated with the surrounding tissue and cause problems with infection, dislodgement, migration, and obstruction with granulation tissue (Grillo, 2002).…”