Hydroxyapatite for bone related applications derived from sea shell waste by simpleprecipitation method

Abstract

The nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAp), NHAp/PEG and NHAp/PVP have been derived from Clam shell by precipitation method. The presence of characteristic FTIR peaks and XRD planes indicates the formation of NHAp. Surface morphology of NHAp, NHAp/PEG and NHAp/PVP appeared to be flake, majorly hexagonal and rod clusters like structure, respectively. Sizes of the NHAp are in nanometer scale and size of NHAp/PVP is the lowest. The poor crystalline nature and high carbonate content presence in NHAp/PVP are assessed through crystallinity index, C/P ratio and CHNS analysis. EDX analysis shows the presence of HAp composition in NHAp. The calculated structural parameters expose that the NHAp/PVP shows favorable mechanical property. Good antibacterial activity is observed in NHAp/PVP against two bacteria strains. Hemolysis study also indicates that NHAp/PVP is non-hemolytic. Formation of complete apatite is found when NHAp/PVP immersed in SBF for 14 days. Thus, the NHAp/PVP derived from Clam shell may be useful for bone-related applications. ARTICLE HISTORY

Nano-Hydroxyapatite vs. Xenografts: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior

“…Therefore, natural sources for biological apatite synthesis have been extended, year by year, from mammalian bone sources next to fish bones and scales [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], egg-shells [ 23 , 24 ], and exoskeletons of marine organisms (snails, starfish, coral, and seashell) [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] or botanic sources (Calendula flower, Papaya leaf, and orange peel), where all of them need chemical and thermal preparation before use as a mammalian xenograft. However, the interest in this topic is still present, a fact proved by several recent publications [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Coupled effect of particle size of the source materials and calcination temperature on the direct synthesis of hydroxyapatite

“…The aspiration to use Hap for the treatment of damaged organs or bones has prompted researchers to expand research on this biomaterial [1][2][3][4]. Owing to its very special properties like biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteoconductivity, nontoxicity, bone healing function etc., Hap is being used in the field of biomedical research [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. It has also found other notable applications in chromatography, biosensors, gas sensor, catalysts, fuel cells, adsorbents, etc.…”

Biowaste‐derived hydroxyapatite reinforced with polyvinyl pyrrolidone/aloevera composite for biomedical applications

“…21,22,23 The utilization of crab shell biowaste for the source of Ca in the synthesis of HAP can effectively reduce the environmental issues and thereby provides a good chance for reducing cost in the treatment of bone repair. 24,25,26 Although HAP has excellent biocompatible property, the brittle nature makes it unsuitable for load bearing biomedical applications. 27 Polymeric materials have been used in the medical applications for improving the mechanical performance of HAP.…”

“…31,32,33,34 In particular, PVP is shown to have very attractive applications in the biomedical field due to its good biocompatibility, very low toxicity and its structural similarity to proteins. 35,36,37 Limited number of researches is done in the preparation of synthetic HAP/PVP composite and to the best of author's knowledge there are only few recent reports 25,26 on the synthesis of crab shell-derived HAP/PVP composite for the biomedical applications.…”

“…The synthesis of HAP from crab shell (biowaste) is a potential, economical process which also yields pure HAP 21,22,23 . The utilization of crab shell biowaste for the source of Ca in the synthesis of HAP can effectively reduce the environmental issues and thereby provides a good chance for reducing cost in the treatment of bone repair 24,25,26 . Although HAP has excellent biocompatible property, the brittle nature makes it unsuitable for load bearing biomedical applications 27 .…”