Hydrovolcanic vs Magmatic Processes in Forming Maars and Associated Pyroclasts: The Calatrava -Spain- Case History

Stoppa, Francesco; Rosatelli, Gianluigi; Schiazza, Mariangela; Tranquilli, Andrea Luigi

doi:10.5772/25264

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A recent survey (Degeai and Pastre, 2008) identified three different volcanic events with the formation of maars that they ascribed to phreatomagmatic eruptions. The possibility of CO 2 dry-magmatic origin of the maars, as proposed by Stoppa et al (2003Stoppa et al ( , 2012 was not considered at that time. Paleontological evidences indicate that the first two maars were emplaced during lower Aquitanian, around 23 Ma ago.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A new look at similar deposits in the Calatrava province in Spain have recently shown that the carbonates associated with silicate magma in this volcanic province are of igneous origin, calling for a new interpretation of this kind of eruptions (Bailey et al, 2005;Stoppa et al, 2012). Following these observations, Bailey et al (2006) assigned an igneous origin to the carbonates in the Puy de Crouel volcano, a typical diatreme from the Limagne graben, close to Clermont-Ferrand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Chazot¹,

Mergoil-Daniel²

2012

Lithos

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Chazot¹,

Mergoil-Daniel²

2012

Lithos

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“…Al Wahbah seems to have followed an opposite eruption evolution, starting with an initial lava shield and conebuilding phase that was intervened by phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions that culminated in maar crater and tuff ring formation. A similar eruption scenario has been proposed for other maar volcanoes, such as the Crater Elegante in Sonora, Mexico [49] or several maar craters in the Calatrava Volcanic Field in Spain [50]. A drop in the magma discharge rate is inferred to cause magma withdrawal below the regional ground-water table, allowing direct entry of ground-water in to the hot interior of the shallow plumbing system of the volcanic complex and triggering phreatomagmatic explosions that formed numerous base surges.…”

Section: Al Wahbah Crater Geotopementioning

confidence: 99%

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2013

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Al Wahbah Crater is one of the largest and deepest Quaternary maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula. It is NW-SE-elongated, ∼2.3 km wide, ∼250 m deep and surrounded by an irregular near-perpendicular crater wall cut deeply into the Proterozoic diorite basement. Very few scientific studies have been conducted on this unique site, especially in respect to understanding the associated volcanic eruption processes. Al Wahbah and adjacent large explosion craters are currently a research subject in an international project, Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia (VORiSA). The focus of VORiSA is to characterise the volcanic hazards and eruption mechanisms of the vast volcanic fields in Western Saudi Arabia, while also defining the unique volcanic features of this region for use in future geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism projects. Al Wahbah is inferred to be a maar crater that formed due to an explosive interaction of magma and water. The crater is surrounded by a tephra ring that consists predominantly of base surge deposits accumulated over a pre-maar scoria cone and underlying multiple lava flow units. The tephra ring acted as an obstacle against younger lava flows that were diverted along the margin of the tephra ring creating unique lava flow surface textures that recorded inflation and deflation processes along the margin of the post-maar lava flow. Al Wahbah is a unique geological feature that is not only a dramatic landform but also a site that can promote our understanding of complex phreatomagmatic monogenetic volcanism. The complex geological features perfectly preserved at Al Wahbah makes this site as an excellent geotope and a potential centre of geoeducation programs that could lead to the establishment of a geopark in the broader area at the Kishb Volcanic Field.

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“…This basement uplift, as a whole, represents a swell between the semi-endorreic La Mancha Basin and the Middle Guadiana Basin. Volcanoes are mostly aligned NW−SE (Ancochea and Brändle, 1982;Cebriá, 1992;Stoppa et al, 2012) and occur over both basement rocks and a thin cover of sediments. The volcanic activity occurred between the Late Miocene and the Early Pleistocene, with two different episodes (Ancochea, 1999): an ultra-potassic episode between 8.7 and 6.4 Ma and an ultra-alkaline episode between 3.7 and 1.75 Ma.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a generalized NW−SE-oriented compressive tectonic regime during the Cenozoic, as well as regional physiographic and tectonic analysis, has been argued for a flexural model of the crust and lithosphere being responsible for the foreland setting of the CVP (Vegas and Rincón-Calero, 1996). More recently, on the basis of evidence for its deep-seated origin (Humphreys et al, 2010), it has been linked to the existence of a hot finger (or baby-plume) detached from an active megaplume below the Canary and Azores Islands and the western Mediterranean Sea (Stoppa et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity modeling of the lithosphere in the Calatrava Volcanic Province (Spain): geodynamic implications.

Granja-Bruña

Vegas²,

Domingo

et al. 2015

Journal of Iberian Geology

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(M.A.S.D.); amunoz@ucm.es (A.M.M.); ssainz-maza@fomento.es (S.S.M.A)Received: 12 January 2015 / Accepted: 5 July 2015 / Available online: 20 July 2015 AbstractThe origin of the intraplate volcanism in the Calatrava Volcanic Province (CVP) is controversial. On the basis of its geochemical signature, it has been ascribed to an "aborted" rift, implying lithospheric thinning. However, the volcanism occurred during the generalized Cenozoic NW−SE-oriented compressive tectonic regime. On the other hand, on the basis of evidence for its deep-seated origin, it has been linked to the existence of a baby-plume detached from an active megaplume below the Canary-Azores Islands and the western Mediterranean. In order to understand better the aforementioned geodynamic scenarios for the origin of the CVP, we address here the study of the lithosphere in the CVP and its vicinity by means of gravity analysis and 2+1/2D modeling. Gravity modeling results do not support the rifting model adopted for the intraplate volcanism occurred in the CVP because the crust shows a quasi-constant thickness. Density models suggest the existence of a sub-crustal, anomalous low-density block that could be underplated magmatic material at the base of the crust, suggesting that only a minor part of it intruded up into the crust and erupted. The localized magmatism of the CVP can be related to the combination of two factors: active, the gentle folding of the Iberian lithosphere and associated uplifting of the Variscan basement due to the NW-directed transmission of compressive stresses in the upper plate yielded by the subduction/collision in the south Iberian margin. The formation of the lithospheric folding in the Calatrava region results in a decrease of the pressure beneath the swell of the antiform that is likely to bring about basaltic magmatism below the swell; and one passive, the existence of a Variscan right-lateral shear band, which yields a weakened crust that facilitates the ascent of the magmatic materials. The relatively small volume, but large extension, of the volcanic outcrops could be associated with the preferential ascent of the magmas along the weakened crust of this NW−SE-trending Variscan shear band.Keywords: Calatrava, intraplate volcanism, gravity modeling, lithosphere structure, upward continuation Resumen El origen del volcanismo intraplaca en la Provincia Volcánica de Calatrava (CVP) es controvertido. En base a su signatura geoquímica se ha atribuido a la formación de un rift "abortado", implicando un adelgazamiento litosférico. Sin embargo, el volcanismo se desarrolló durante un régimen tectónico compresivo orientado NW-SE que fue generalizado en la región de Calatrava durante el Cenozoico. Por otro lado, en base a las evidencias de su origen profundo, se le ha relacionado con la existencia de una mini-pluma desconectada de una mega-pluma activa debajo de los archipiélagos de Canarias y Azores, y en el Mediterráneo occidental. Con el propósito de contribuir a la discriminación entre los escenarios geodinámicos mencionados...

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Hydrovolcanic vs Magmatic Processes in Forming Maars and Associated Pyroclasts: The Calatrava -Spain- Case History

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

Gravity modeling of the lithosphere in the Calatrava Volcanic Province (Spain): geodynamic implications.

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