Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to produce biofuels: state of the art and future prospects

Vlaskin, Mikhail S.; Чернова, Н. І.; Киселева, С. В.; Popel, O. S.; Жук, А. З.

doi:10.1134/s0040601517090105

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Therefore, various types of conversion methods of renewable raw materials and wastes are the subject of extensive research of many scientific groups worldwide, as clearly evidenced by the vast increase in a number of publications concerning bio-oil (whether or not from microalgae). The recently published review papers summarizing the state-of-the-art in this field are particularly valuable [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Among the numerous advanced technologies of production of bio-oil from microalgal biomass, the process of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) appears to be very promising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process conditions on bio-oil obtained through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. microalgae

Wądrzyk

Janus

Vos

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass in near-/supercritical water has attracted great attention in recent years. Although this technology seems to be promising for transformation of microalgal biomass, the information on the impact of feedstock and processing variables of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction on the properties of bio-oil provided in previous literature is scarce. Herein, the low-lipid Scenedesmus sp. biomass has been transformed to bio-oils through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction under various process conditions. The influence of temperature and residence time on bio-oil characteristic was discussed based on characterization by IR, GC-MS and gel permeation chromatography. The relative degree of branching of carbon chain of bio-oils components was estimated based on deconvolution of methyl and methylene IR absorption bands. The presumptive pathways of the reactions have been postulated. Finally, it was found that the parameters of bio-oil may be tailored by adjustment of processing variables, however, possible subsequent/parallel effects must be considered while designing the process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process conditions on bio-oil obtained through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. microalgae

Wądrzyk

Janus

Vos

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Although there have been numerous HTL studies of various feedstocks, no comprehensive review article has been published on the HTL of black liquor or of its derived products. Those HTL review articles that do exist either focus on the HTL of biomasses from different sources [21,22], the HTL of pure lignin compounds [23], or the HTL of a specific biomass, such as wood [24], algae [25][26][27], agricultural and forestry waste [28], and even swine manure [29]. In addition, Ramirez et al [30] gathered studies on the quality and upgradability of bio-oil produced from lignocellulosic or algae biomass in the HTL process, and Castello et al [22] investigated existing continuous HTL processes, where different types of biomass feeds are processed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

et al. 2020

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To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

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“…The key advantage of HTL includes direct conversion of wet algal biomass (~80% water content, w/w) into bio-crude oil and hence, bypassing the need for drying. Unlike transesterification, where only lipid fraction of the microalgal biomass is converted into biofuel, HTL facilitates conversion of the entire fraction of biomass (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) into bio-crude oil 14 . Further, microbial consortium including bacteria, wastewater sludge and fast growing algae with low lipid content can successfully be converted into biofuel via HTL 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of symbiotically grown biomass of microalgae-bacteria coupled with effective wastewater treatment

Goswami

Makut

Das

2019

Sci Rep

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The study demonstrates a sustainable process for production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of microbial biomass generated through co-cultivation of microalgae and bacteria coupled with wastewater remediation. Biomass concentration and wastewater treatment efficiency of a tertiary consortium (two microalgae and two bacteria) was evaluated on four different wastewater samples. Total biomass concentration, total nitrogen and COD removal efficiency was found to be 3.17 g L−1, 99.95% and 95.16% respectively when consortium was grown using paper industry wastewater in a photobioreactor under batch mode. Biomass concentration was enhanced to 4.1 g L−1 through intermittent feeding of nitrogen source and phosphate. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of bio-crude oil indicates abundance of the hydrocarbon fraction and in turn, better oil quality. Maximum distillate fraction of 30.62% lies within the boiling point range of 200–300 °C depicting suitability of the bio-crude oil for conversion into diesel oil, jet fuel and fuel for stoves.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to produce biofuels: state of the art and future prospects

Cited by 47 publications

References 63 publications

Effect of process conditions on bio-oil obtained through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. microalgae

Effect of process conditions on bio-oil obtained through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. microalgae

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Sustainable production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of symbiotically grown biomass of microalgae-bacteria coupled with effective wastewater treatment

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