Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Lappalainen, Jukka; Baudouin, David; Hornung, Ursel; Schuler, Julia; Melin, Kristian; Bjelić, Saša; Vogel, Frédéric; Konttinen, Jukka; Joronen, Tero

doi:10.3390/en13133309

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(245 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different compositions were taken into consideration when preparing the model solutions, which are reported in Table . Note that BL composition varies significantly from one plant to another but also throughout the year as a result of feedstock composition and constant process adaptation and optimization . Thiosulfate was excluded because of its instability in high temperature and pressure water .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that BL composition varies significantly from one plant to another but also throughout the year as a result of feedstock composition and constant process adaptation and optimization. 43 Thiosulfate was excluded because of its instability in high temperature and pressure water. 36 For the study with higher potassium content, the molar concentration of the anions was kept constant, while the ratio of K to Na was changed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions

Wang

Deplazes

Vogel

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In hydrothermal valorization of black liquor (BL) from the Kraft process, the separation of inorganic salts is pivotal to prevent them from fouling downstream equipment such as reactors and for the cost-efficient recycling of salts into pulp cooking chemicals. In this work, the phase behavior of the inorganic salts present in BL was studied in supercritical water and the conditions for the separation from BL were optimized. A high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry study indicated the concomitant precipitation of salts and the formation of a second salt-rich liquid-like phase. The potassium-to-sodium ratio was found to strongly impact the phase behavior of the salt mixture. Potassium was found to prevent salt precipitation and to lead to the formation of a second liquid-like phase alone. At K/(K + Na) ≥ 0.4, a steady salt separation could be achieved, enabling the continuous extraction of up to 96% of the salts in a concentrated brine effluent.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions

Wang

Deplazes

Vogel

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this state, properties of water, such as ionic product, density, viscosity, and dielectric constant, vary rapidly, becoming a liquid without phase limits of high miscibility. Thanks to these properties, supercritical water becomes an apolar solvent for most organic reactions [ 55 , 84 ]. Despite this, in most studies in which hydrothermal liquefaction is analyzed, subcritical conditions (350 °C and >200 bar) have been preferred, i.e., conditions that limit the supercritical state in which the properties of water have changed enough to facilitate liquefaction: the dielectric constant has been reduced by approximately 80% allowing better solubility of apolar compounds.…”

Section: Advanced Biofuel Production Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass as One of the Most Promising Alternatives for the Synthesis of Advanced Liquid Biofuels: A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of biofuels offers advantages over existing fuels because they come from renewable sources, they are biodegradable, their storage and transport are safer, and their emissions into the atmosphere are lower. Biomass is one of the most promising sustainable energy sources with a wide variety of organic materials as raw material. Chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical methods have been proposed to obtain biofuels from raw materials from biomass. In recent years, a thermochemical method that has generated great interest is hydrothermal liquefaction. In this paper, a brief review of the main sources for liquid biofuels and the synthesis processes is presented, with special emphasis on the production of biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction by using waste generated by human activity as raw material.

show abstract

“…Melin et al [18] experimentally investigated the optimum operating parameters for producing high-quality bio-oil from HTL of BL, using glycerol as the hydrogen donor and sodium hydroxide as the alkali for high heating value fuel. Lappalainen et al [19] studied the effects of process conditions of the HTL process on the quality of bio-oil from HTL of black liquor. The process parameters studied are residence time and any additives (solvents, catalysts); these conditions are modified to optimise the quantity and quality of the bio-oil production and to minimise the production of secondary products such as biochar and gaseous products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a growing awareness of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel. With the market pull for the growth in sustainable and renewable alternative energy, the challenge is to develop cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy alternatives for all energy sectors, of which transport fuels are one significant area. This work presents a summary of novel methods for integrating kraft mills with a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The application of these methods has resulted in a proposed kraft mill-integrated design that produces a liquid fuel and could provide net mitigation of 64.6 kg CO2-e/GJ, compared to conventional petrol and diesel fuels, at a minimum fuel selling price of 1.12–1.38 NZD/LGE of fuel, based on the case study. This paper concludes that a hydrothermal liquefaction process with product upgrading has promising economic potential and environmental benefits that are significantly amplified by integrating with an existing kraft mill. At the current global kraft pulp production rate, if each kraft mill transforms into a biorefinery based on hydrothermal liquefaction, the biofuel production is an estimated 290 Mt (9.9 EJ).

show abstract

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Cited by 52 publications

References 129 publications

Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions

Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass as One of the Most Promising Alternatives for the Synthesis of Advanced Liquid Biofuels: A Review

A Kraft Mill-Integrated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Liquid Fuel Co-Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About