Hydrothermal growth and characterization of ZnO crystals

Hydrothermal growth of scandium-doped ZnO crystals

“…The full-width at half-maximum is 38.9 arcsec for +c sector and 46.1 arcsec for -c sector. Compared with our undoped ZnO crystal [9], the crystallinity of as-grown ZnO crystal is improved by Sc-ions, especially the crystallinity of -c sector.…”

“…for about 10 days. Compared with undoped ZnO crystals [9], the growth rate of (0 0 0 1) for ZnO:Sc crystals was about 0.15-0.16 mm/day as much as that of undoped ZnO crystals, while the growth rates of (0 0 0 1 ) and (1 0 1 0) increased to about 0.12-0.16 mm/day with the addition of Sc 2 O 3 . The ZnO morphology also changes significantly with the addition of Sc 2 O 3 in the growth system during the growth process.…”

“…Large ZnO:Sc crystal (shown in Fig. 1(c)) with dimensions of 30 Â 44 Â 3.3 mm 3 was obtained under the optimized condition of 0.2 mol% Sc 2 O 3 doped in the nutrient; the crystal was grown in the autoclave, described in the previous paper [9], for 10 days. Slices perpendicular to the c-axis were cut from the + c and -c sectors of the grown ZnO:Sc crystal for further investigations.…”

“…The ZnO morphology also changes significantly with the addition of Sc 2 O 3 in the growth system during the growth process. Compared with that of the undoped crystal [9], the pyramidal faces (p-planes) became smaller and smaller with increasing Sc 2 O 3 :ZnO ratio in the growth system and even disappeared (shown in Fig. 1(d)-(f)).…”

Potassium acceptor doping of ZnO crystals

“…Unlike many other wide bandgap compound semiconductors, ZnO and its constituents are abundant in the earth's crust; additionally, large diameter single crystal growth is possible. [3][4][5] As grown ZnO is n-type, often highly, due to extrinsic defects such as aluminum or gallium incorporated during growth. 6 Current applications of ZnO in optoelectronic devices are generally limited to transparent conducting oxide (TCO) capping layers.…”