Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis

Libra, Judy A.; Ro, Kyoung S.; Kammann, Claudia; Funke, Axel; Berge, Nicole D.; Neubauer, Y.; Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena; Fühner, Christoph; Bens, Oliver; Kern, Jürgen; Emmerich, Karl-Heinz

doi:10.4155/bfs.10.81

Cited by 1,391 publications

(983 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…In this case, the best way to treat biomass is to expose it to a hydrothermal treatment. Hydrothermal pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization or hydrothermal liquefaction are the terms used to describe the thermal treatment of wet biomass under high pressure (Akhtar and Amin, 2011;Libra et al, 2011;Toor et al, 2011). Hydrothermal processes occur at temperatures (>100 °C) and pressure conditions under which water becomes a subcritical fluid.…”

Section: A) Hydrothermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

170

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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Section: A) Hydrothermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, pyrolysis processes differ among each other in how fast heat is transferred to feedstock particles, the maximum temperature and residence time. They are usually classified according to these reaction conditions and product yield (Libra et al, 2011). The main pyrolysis processes are described below.…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

170

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“…zu wasserbezogenen Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Landschafts-und Klimawandel in Deutschland publiziert (Kaiser et al 2010, Grünewald et al 2012. Hinzu kommen ein Workshopband zur Wasserhaushalts-und Wassernutzungsgeschichte in Mitteleuropa (Kaiser et al 2012) sowie Beiträge in Fachzeitschriften (Libra et al 2011, Germer et al 2011). keine direkten Lösungen ⇒ Szenariotechniken !…”

Section: Fragestellungen Und Themenschwerpunkte Der Arbeitsgruppenunclassified

Klimawandel und Wasserhaushalt

Merz¹,

Kaiser²,

Bens³

et al. 2012

Acatech STUDIE

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“…This reaction mechanism involved the removal of the carboxyl and/or carbonyl groups [4], [16]. The degradation of carboxyl and carbonyl groups yielded CO 2 (as a major gaseous product during HTT) and CO and this could be observed by HTT above 150 °C [17], [18].…”

Section: B Important Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dehydration reaction reduces atomic ratio of H/C and O/C as carbonization process progresses. The carbonization of biomass and waste materials is generally illustrated by Van Krevelen diagram [6], [16] as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: B Important Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Pilot-Scale Applications of Hydrothermal Treatment for Upgrading Waste Materials

Areeprasert¹,

Ma²,

Prayoga³

et al. 2016

IJESD

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Abstract-In this paper, a review on applications of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) for upgrading waste materials was presented. This work was focused on pilot-scale HTT processes that applied to several kinds of waste for alternative solid biofuel production. The HTT utilizes subcritical water condition that has special properties as an organic solvent. With the temperature around 180-240 °C and the corresponding pressure that keeps the water in the liquid phase, many reactions are induced by the subcritical water such as hydrolysis and dehydration. The waste materials that had been subjected to the HTT processes by pilot-scale reactors such as paper sludge, antibiotic residue, and municipal solid waste were reviewed herein. Moreover, a novel application of HTT on hospital waste treatment has been carried out in a pilot-scale level. Results showed positive effects and consistency with the previous research works. Thus, the HTT showed possibility to be an option for pretreating waste materials prior to final conversion processes.Index Terms-Hydrothermal treatment, high moisture waste, pilot-scale hydrothermal, solid biofuel.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis

Cited by 1,391 publications

References 188 publications

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Klimawandel und Wasserhaushalt

A Review on Pilot-Scale Applications of Hydrothermal Treatment for Upgrading Waste Materials

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