Hydrothermal carbonization as an all-inclusive process for food-waste conversion

Tradler, Simon B.; Mayr, S. T.; Himmelsbach, Markus; Priewasser, Reinhold; Baumgärtner, Werner; Stadler, Anna Theresia

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2018.04.009

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Based on the physico-chemical properties of OFMSW such as high WC and from a treatment perspective, hydrothermal processes seem suitable to upgrade raw OFMSW in order to generate materials with energetic application potentials such as solid fuels for Energies 2021, 14, 3041 6 of 16 combustion or adjusted substrates for AD. The main disparity between this and other studies [23,[41][42][43] was the operating temperature of the conducted experiments. The average treatment temperatures of HTC processes are usually between 180 to 300 • C, leading to several different chemical and physical reactions that influence the characteristics of the substrate.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Raw and Hydrothermally Treated Ofmswcontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Through higher N contents, more organic compounds accumulate in the process water, leading to a lower level of carbonization [22]. In general, biowaste is an energy-rich substrate and yet the processing is expensive [23]. Biowaste, with its heterogeneous and fluctuating composition as well as with its higher N contents [8], is difficult to treat in HTC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

et al. 2021

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In comparison to lignocellulosic biomass, which is suitable for thermo-chemical valorization, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is mainly treated via composting or anaerobic digestion (AD). An efficient utilization of OFMSW is difficult due to variations in its composition. Based on the characteristics of OFMSW, hydrothermal treatment (HTT) experiments at temperatures < 200 °C as an alternative OFMSW-processing were evaluated in this study. The raw OFMSW was characterized with a dry matter (DM)-based organic dry matter (oDM) content of 77.88 ± 1.37 %DM and a higher heating value (HHV) of 15,417 ± 1258 J/gDM. Through HTT at 150, 170 and 185 °C, the oDM contents as well as H/C and O/C ratios were lowered while the HHV increased up to 16,716 ± 257 J/gDM. HTT led to improved fuel properties concerning ash melting, corrosion stress and emission behavior. Negative consequences of the HTT process were higher contents of ash in the biochar as well as accumulated heavy metals. In the sense of a bioeconomy, it could be beneficial to first convert raw OFMSW into CH4 through AD followed by HTT of the AD-digestate for the generation of solid fuels and liquid products. This could increase the overall utilization efficiency of OFMSW.

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Section: Characteristics Of Raw and Hydrothermally Treated Ofmswcontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

et al. 2021

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“…The decomposition of biomass is often obtained by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen, giving rise to the preferential production of biochar (solid products), bio-oil, or gases, depending on final temperature and thermal environment [7][8][9][10][11]. In recent years, wet pyrolysis, also called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has gained increasing interest due to the relative simplicity of the process, including the fact that biomass does not need to be dried before treatment, avoiding the energy consumption due to the drying process [12][13][14][15]. In fact, water contained in natural precursors is part of the medium in which hydrothermal reactions take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Carbon Materials Obtained by the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Orange Juice

et al. 2020

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Porous carbon materials are currently subjected to strong research efforts mainly due to their excellent performances in energy storage devices. A sustainable process to obtain them is hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), in which the decomposition of biomass precursors generates solid products called hydrochars, together with liquid and gaseous products. Hydrochars have a high C content and are rich with oxygen-containing functional groups, which is important for subsequent activation. Orange pomace and orange peels are considered wastes and then have been investigated as possible feedstocks for hydrochars production. On the contrary, orange juice was treated by HTC only to obtain carbon quantum dots. In the present study, pure orange juice was hydrothermally carbonized and the resulting hydrochar was filtered and washed, and graphitized/activated by KOH in nitrogen atmosphere at 800 °C. The resulting material was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen sorption isotherms. We found porous microspheres with some degree of graphitization and high nitrogen content, a specific surface of 1725 m2/g, and a pore size distribution that make them good candidates for supercapacitor electrodes.

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“…Tradler et al (2018) collected food waste from restaurants and separated them into vegetal, carbohydrate-rich, and animal-based food. After HTC treatment at 200 • C and 6 hours, they noticed that food high in proteins and fat resulted in lower hydrochar yields than feedstocks high in carbohydrates [74]. The HHV of the homogeneous, mixed food sample was in the order of~23 MJ/kg.…”

Section: Valorization Of Food Waste For the Production Of Fuel Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochars as Emerging Biofuels: Recent Advances and Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Heating Values

et al. 2020

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In this study, the growing scientific field of alternative biofuels was examined, with respect to hydrochars produced from renewable biomasses. Hydrochars are the solid products of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and their properties depend on the initial biomass and the temperature and duration of treatment. The basic (Scopus) and advanced (Citespace) analysis of literature showed that this is a dynamic research area, with several sub-fields of intense activity. The focus of researchers on sewage sludge and food waste as hydrochar precursors was highlighted and reviewed. It was established that hydrochars have improved behavior as fuels compared to these feedstocks. Food waste can be particularly useful in co-hydrothermal carbonization with ash-rich materials. In the case of sewage sludge, simultaneous P recovery from the HTC wastewater may add more value to the process. For both feedstocks, results from large-scale HTC are practically non-existent. Following the review, related data from the years 2014–2020 were retrieved and fitted into four different artificial neural networks (ANNs). Based on the elemental content, HTC temperature and time (as inputs), the higher heating values (HHVs) and yields (as outputs) could be successfully predicted, regardless of original biomass used for hydrochar production. ANN3 (based on C, O, H content, and HTC temperature) showed the optimum HHV predicting performance (R2 0.917, root mean square error 1.124), however, hydrochars’ HHVs could also be satisfactorily predicted by the C content alone (ANN1, R2 0.897, root mean square error 1.289).

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Hydrothermal carbonization as an all-inclusive process for food-waste conversion

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

Porous Carbon Materials Obtained by the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Orange Juice

Hydrochars as Emerging Biofuels: Recent Advances and Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Heating Values

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