Hydrothermal and entropy generation specifications of a hybrid ferronanofluid in microchannel heat sink embedded in CPUs

Shahsavar, Amin; Jafari, Majid; Talebizadehsardari, Pouyan; Toghraie, Davood

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2020.08.053

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The physical characteristics of the CPU or liquid cooling contact surface are very important in a submerged liquid cooling system, as the thermal conductivity varies with the type of material, which is the main factor affecting the thermal conductivity in a submerged liquid cooling system. Shahsavar et al [41] have studied the effect of thermal conductivity of different materials on heat transfer efficiency and found that the higher the number of carbon nanotubes in the CPU, the higher the convective heat transfer coefficient. Jing Z.…”

Section: Htc Correlation Equation Of Boiling Heat Transfer Considerin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Liu

2022

Buildings

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Cooling systems can effectively enable information and communication technology (ICT) equipment to utilize power more efficiently in data centers (DCs). Two-phase cooling provides a potential method to cool CPUs and other electronics and involves submerging them in a thermal conductive dielectric liquid or coolant. In this study, an innovative cooling structure and a two-phase immersion cooling system procedure are presented. The CPU is directly submerged in an engineered fluid, and an experimental test is conducted to obtain the boiling heat transfer and energy consumption data. A prediction equation for saturated boiling HTC in the pool, based on the influence of the characteristics of the heat transfer surface of the CPU and the physical parameters, is proposed. The average partial power usage effectiveness (pPUE) value of the proposed system is 1.036, indicating a significantly improved energy conservation effect compared to conventional air cooling systems. Studies have shown that direct-touch heat dissipation is suitable for supercomputer server CPU heat dissipation with low heat flux density, while for high-density CPU heat dissipation, it is easy to reach the maximum temperature limit of the CPU, thereby reducing the CPU frequency.

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Section: Htc Correlation Equation Of Boiling Heat Transfer Considerin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Liu

2022

Buildings

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“…where N ¼ W wþt is the number of microchannels. On substituting the corresponding values in equation (18), the following equations are obtained;…”

Section: Model Geometry and Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new model for Nusselt number and friction factor for hybrid nanofluids was also put forward. Shahsavar et al 18 numerically analyzed the performance of Fe 3 O 4 -CNT/water hybrid nano-fluid flowing through a micro-channel which was utilized for CPU cooling. The effect of volume concentration and the Reynolds number (Re) on the various hydrothermal parameters were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of graphene-platinum hybrid nanofluid in microchannel for electronics cooling

Kumar

Kavitha

Kumar

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The objective of this paper is to numerically study the heat transfer and hydrodynamic performance of a graphene-based hybrid nanofluid flowing through a microchannel for electronics cooling applications. Different concentrations of Graphene-Platinum/water hybrid nanofluid were employed as coolants. The thermophysical properties used in this study were considered to be temperature-dependent. The microchannel was modeled as a porous media. The effect of nanoparticle volume concentration on thermal resistance, pressure drop, friction factor and ratio of heat transfer coefficient to pressure drop (Figure of merit) was analyzed and the plots were generated for different Reynolds numbers of the working fluid. The results pointed out that introduction of nanoparticles resulted in the lowering of thermal resistance. However, the pressure drop and friction factor increased. Figure of merit is found to be higher for higher concentrations of hybrid nanofluids compared to base fluid water. On analyzing the results, it was understood that the utilization of Graphene-Platinum/water hybrid nanofluid through microchannels can be highly effective in the laminar region. It also suggests that this graphene based nanofluid has excellent potential as a coolant to remove excess heat from miniature electronic devices.

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“…The use of minichannel with a finned surface also increases the frictional entropy generation and decreases the thermal entropy generation. Shahsavar et al 42 investigated the effect of using hybrid nanofluid on entropy generation in a numerical study. It was observed that boosting the volumetric fraction of both nanoparticles reduces thermal entropy generation and increases frictional entropy generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles and Re number will reduce the thermal entropy generation and increase the frictional entropy generation of the system. [40][41][42][43] Manay et al 44 found that boosting the microchannel height increases the thermal entropy generation and diminishes the friction entropy generation. In a numerical study, Ebrahimi et al 45 investigated the effect of the size of nanoparticles on the overall entropy generation in the microchannel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heat transfer and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid inside the convergent double‐layer tapered microchannel

Sarvar-Ardeh

Rafee

Rashidi

2022

Math Methods in App Sciences

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When designing microscale heat exchangers, the reduction of energy dissipation and improved system performance in terms of heat transfer and fluid flow should be considered. Some methods, such as the use of nanofluids and convergent walls in the microchannel heat sinks, can be helpful. In this study, the hydrothermal performance and entropy generation of alumina‐silica/water hybrid nanofluid in the double‐layer tapered microchannel are investigated using the three‐dimensional simulation. The flow Re number and the volumetric fraction of the nanoparticles vary in the ranges of 50 to 400 and 0% to 5%, respectively. Numerical results show that by using the convergent microchannel, in addition to decreasing the maximum base surface temperature, the temperature gradient also becomes more uniform. Boosting the volumetric fraction of nanoparticles and decreasing the tapered factor (TF) reduce the thermal resistance of the system but cause higher pumping powers. At Re = 400 and φ = 5%, when the convergence factor of the channel reduces from 1 to 0.4, pumping power will increase 149% but the thermal resistance reduction about 12%. At lower Re numbers, the effects of channel convergence on enhancing the mean Nu number are greater than the cases with higher Re numbers. In general, boosting the convergence of the channel increases the frictional entropy generation and diminishes the thermal entropy generation. At Re = 200 and φ = 5%, by decreasing the tapered ratio from TF = 1 to TF = 0.4, the frictional entropy generation will double and the thermal entropy generation will reduce by 7.9%.

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Hydrothermal and entropy generation specifications of a hybrid ferronanofluid in microchannel heat sink embedded in CPUs

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Numerical study of graphene-platinum hybrid nanofluid in microchannel for electronics cooling

Heat transfer and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid inside the convergent double‐layer tapered microchannel

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