Heat transfer and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid inside the convergent double‐layer tapered microchannel

Abstract

When designing microscale heat exchangers, the reduction of energy dissipation and improved system performance in terms of heat transfer and fluid flow should be considered. Some methods, such as the use of nanofluids and convergent walls in the microchannel heat sinks, can be helpful. In this study, the hydrothermal performance and entropy generation of alumina‐silica/water hybrid nanofluid in the double‐layer tapered microchannel are investigated using the three‐dimensional simulation. The flow Re number and the volumetric fraction of the nanoparticles vary in the ranges of 50 to 400 and 0% to 5%, respectively. Numerical results show that by using the convergent microchannel, in addition to decreasing the maximum base surface temperature, the temperature gradient also becomes more uniform. Boosting the volumetric fraction of nanoparticles and decreasing the tapered factor (TF) reduce the thermal resistance of the system but cause higher pumping powers. At Re = 400 and φ = 5%, when the convergence factor of the channel reduces from 1 to 0.4, pumping power will increase 149% but the thermal resistance reduction about 12%. At lower Re numbers, the effects of channel convergence on enhancing the mean Nu number are greater than the cases with higher Re numbers. In general, boosting the convergence of the channel increases the frictional entropy generation and diminishes the thermal entropy generation. At Re = 200 and φ = 5%, by decreasing the tapered ratio from TF = 1 to TF = 0.4, the frictional entropy generation will double and the thermal entropy generation will reduce by 7.9%.

Mathematical modeling for peristalsis of couple stress nanofluid

“…Saleem et al 24 described peristaltic flow of hybrid nanoliquid in a curved channel. Some recent articles on flows of nanofluids are mentioned in refs 25–33 …”

“…Some recent articles on flows of nanofluids are mentioned in refs. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] There are numerous models of non-Newtonian fluids are in the literature, but among these, couple stress fluid is extremely important to recognize few physical issues. Therefore, Stokes 34 anticipated the couple stress fluid model in 1966 in which he determines its microrotation aspects.…”