Hydroprocessing of fatty acid methyl ester containing resin acids blended with gas oil

Palanisamy, Shanmugam; Gevert, Börje Sten

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.05.015

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The experimental analysis consists of a tank for feeding ULSD, dossier pump, cocurrent down-flow trickle-bed reactor (DFTBR), gas meter, product collecting tank, mass flow gas controller, temperature controller with three heating zones and gas collector [2,24,25]. The reaction parameter consists Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV = mln of liquid per ml of catalyst per hour), Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV = mln of liquid per ml of catalyst per hour), Operating Pressure (P) (MPa) and temperature (T) ( • C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing infrastructure and industrialisation lead to high demand for transportation fuel in commercial vehicles. Diesel and light gas oil (LGO) used as the primary transportation fuel [1][2][3]. As the dependency on conventional diesel marginally increases, the need for additional fuel source for sustaining the market has to identify.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the dependency on conventional diesel marginally increases, the need for additional fuel source for sustaining the market has to identify. In such a case, refineries are interested in substituting biobased transportation fuels like tall-oil, animal fat, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), or vegetable oil blended with diesel [1][2][3]. In this context, either blending of FAME with diesel or direct hydrotreated FAME and vegetable oil produce higher-end straight-chain hydrocarbons like heptadecane (C 17 ) and octadecane (C 18 ), and the product was named ultralow sulphur diesel (ULSD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, either blending of FAME with diesel or direct hydrotreated FAME and vegetable oil produce higher-end straight-chain hydrocarbons like heptadecane (C 17 ) and octadecane (C 18 ), and the product was named ultralow sulphur diesel (ULSD). The C 17 and C 18 influence quick solidification at low temperatures and affects cold filter plugging point (CFPP) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Table 1 represents the properties of hydrotreating 5 wt% FAME blended with diesel, which produces ULSD less than 1 ppm of S content, 10 vol% aromatic content and −32 • C cloud point.Similarly, the coprocessing of a higher fraction of FAME in ULSD has to upgrade through branching hydrocarbon (n-alkanes to isoalkanes) by hydro-isomerisation and reduce the aromatic content by hydro-dearomatisation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IBP-Initial Boling Point; FBP-Final Boiling Point; # polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (tri+) should be less than 0.02% with diesel grade. * Samples were analysed at Preem refinery laboratory, Gothenburg, Sweden under the similar test methods adapted earlier [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Produce Low Aromatic Contents with Enhanced Cold Properties of Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel Using Pt/Alumina-Beta-Zeolite: Reaction Path Studied via Monoaromatic Model Compound

Palanisamy¹,

Gevert²,

Sankaran³

et al. 2019

Energies

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In this present work, Hydro-dearomatisation of toluene and hydro-isomerisation of n-hexadecane (n-C 16 ) in ultralow sulphur diesel (ULSD) using Pt-Cl/H-Beta and Pt/H-Beta catalyst was investigated in a continuous down-flow trickle-bed reactor (DFTBR), and the physicochemical properties of products were studied. The catalytic effect on 40:60 wt% of H-beta-zeolite (H-β) and binder-aluminahydrochlorite extruded was characterized in scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and coke testing. The study showed that 80 to 95 wt% of middle distillates recovered in ULSD on elevated temperature between 230 and 270 • C at 5 MPa. With a higher residence time of feed, the middle distillate recovered with 2.2 v/v% of aromatics and −32 • C of cloud point. In the model compound investigation of toluene and n-C 16 , it was observed that absorption of aromatic ring inhibits the rate of isomerisation; particularly it reduces the yield of branching and rearrangement of n-C 16 . Also, Cl-incorporated H-β extrudate enhanced the ring saturation and suppressed the reaction path in oligomerisation and cyclisation of paraffin. This methodology achieved asingle-stage upgrading technique involved in the delivery of commercial diesel in the market with low cloud point and aromatic content.Energies 2019, 12, 2853 2 of 15 without modification of cetane number of diesel [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Hydro-dearomatisation, using the trickle-bed catalytic reactor, had hydrogenation of ring and cleavescarbon-carbon cyclic compounds at moderate temperature 250 • C in the presences of excess H 2 [5][6][7][8]. Distillation temperature v/v rec. ( • C)(SIM-DIST) IBP 176 196 ASTM D86 Dist: Temp. at 10% v/v 195 216 ASTM D86 Dist: Temp. at 50% v/v 202 237 ASTM D86 Dist: Temp. at 65% v/v 231 245 ASTM D86 Dist: Temp. at 90% v/v 259 272 ASTM D86 Dist: Temp. at 95% v/v 289 384 ASTM D86 FBP 303 295 ASTM D86 Other Properties Cloud point ( • C) −32 −34 EN ISO 23015:1994 Viscosity at 40 • C (mm 2 /s) 2.083 1.909 EN ISO 3104 Density at 15 • C (kg/m 3 ) 820.6 821.2 ASTM D4052-09 Cetane Index 51.86 51 ASTM D 4737 Nitrogen content (mg/kg) <1 <1 ASTM D 4629 Sulphur content (mg/kg) <1 <1 EN ISO 8754 Author Contributions: Conceptualization, B.S.G.; Data curation, P.S.; Formal analysis, S.P.; Investigation, S.P.; Resources, B.S.G.; Supervision, K.K.; Writing-original draft, S.P.; Writing-review & editing, K.K.Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%