“…[6][7][8] Both the industrial need for an alternative fuel that is free of pollutants and the need for HDO will be satised by the HDO reaction. 9,10 Previous studies have shown the transformation of non-food oils such as long chain fatty acids, palm oil, jatropha oil, and microalgae oil into hydrocarbons using a variety of catalysts. 11,12 Mesoporous materials, such as zeolites and silica derivatives, have garnered signicant attention across various elds due to their unique properties.…”