Hydroponics: Its history and use in plant nutrition studies

Jones, J. Benton

doi:10.1080/01904168209363035

Cited by 128 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Wartime gardening was promoted as a way to increase food security in the United States of America during World Wars I and II. Hydroponic systems were used to some extent by the United States Army to produce vegetables for both soldiers and civilians in some non-arable islands in the Pacific which were contaminated due to war operations (Jones 1982;Savvas and Passam 2002;Mok et al 2014).…”

Section: Soilless Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban vegetable for food security in cities. A review

Eigenbrod

Gruda

2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

332

244

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Global food production faces great challenges in the future. With a future world population of 9.6 billion by 2050, rising urbanization, decreasing arable land, and weather extremes due to climate change, global agriculture is under pressure. While today over 50 % of the world population live in cities, by 2030, the number will rise to 70 %. In addition, global emissions have to be kept in mind. Currently, agriculture accounts for around 20-30 % of global greenhouse gas emissions. Shifting food production to locations with high demands reduces emissions and mitigates climate change. Urban horticulture increases global food production by exploiting new locations for cultivation. However, higher land prices and urban pollution constrain urban horticulture. In this paper, we review different urban cultivation systems throughout the world. Our main findings from ecological, economical, and social aspects are: (1) Urban horticulture activities are increasing globally with at least 100 million people involved worldwide. With potential yields of up to 50 kg per m 2 per year and more, vegetable production is the most significant component of urban food production which contributes to global food security. (2) Organoponic and other low-input systems will continue to play an important role for a sustainable and secure food production in the future. (3) Despite the resource efficiency of indoor farming systems, they are still very expensive. (4) Integrating urban horticulture into educational and social programs improves nutrition and food security. Overlaying these, new technologies in horticultural research need to be adopted for urban horticulture to increase future efficiency and productivity. To enhance sustainability, urban horticulture has to be integrated into the urban planning process and supported through policies. However, future food production should not be "local at any price," but rather committed to increase sustainability.

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Section: Soilless Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban vegetable for food security in cities. A review

Eigenbrod

Gruda

2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

332

244

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“…cv De1 Soy) plants were used as the sources of experimental material. Plants were grown in containers containing vermiculite in a greenhouse and supplemented with one-half-strength Hoagland solution (Jones, 1982). Plant materials were harvested, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until processing.…”

Section: Materials a N D Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Soybean Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor Genes during Development and in Response to Wounding and Methyl Jasmonate

et al. 1996

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Three cysteine proteinase inhibitor cDNA clones (pL1, pR1, and pN2) have been isolated from a soybean (Glycine max 1. Merr.) embryo library. The proteins encoded by the clones are between 60 and 70% identical and contain the consensus QxVxC motif and W residue i n the appropriate spatial context for interaction with the cysteine proteinase papain. L7, R7, and N2 mRNAs were differentially expressed in different organs of plants (juvenile and mature) and seedlings, although NZ mRNA was constitutive only i n flowers. R I and N2 transcripts were induced by wounding or methyl jasmonate (M-JA) treatment in local and systemic leaves coincident with increased papain inhibitory activity, indicating a role for R I and N2 in plant defense. The L I transcript was constitutively expressed in leaves and was induced slightly by M-JA treatment in roots. Unlike the chymotrypsin/trypsin proteinase inhibitor II gene (H. Peiia-Cortes, J. Fisahn, 1. Willmitzer [19951 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 41 06-41 13), expression of the soybean genes was only marginally induced by abscisic acid and only in certain tissues. Norbornadiene, a competitive inhibitor of ethylene binding, abolished the wounding or M-JA induction of R I and N2mRNAs but not the accumulation of the wound-inducible vspA transcript. Presumably, ethylene binding to its receptor is involved in the wound inducibility of R I and N2 but not vspA mRNAs. Bacterial recombinant L I and R1 proteins, expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, exhibited substantial inhibitory activities against vicilin peptidohydrolase, the major thiol endopeptidase i n mung bean seedlings. Recombinant R I protein had much greater cysteine proteinase inhibitor activity than recombinant L I protein, consistent with the wound inducibility of the R7 gene and its presumed role in plant defense.Injury to plants due to phytophagous insects or mechanical damage induces accumulation of proteinase inhibitor proteins (Ryan, 1981(Ryan, , 1990. Inhibitor proteins with specificity against Ser proteinases have been well characterized and there is direct evidence of their involvement in host plant defense against herbivorous insects (Johnson et al.,

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“…Hydroponics has been instrumental in establishing the essentiality of most of the mineral nutrients required by plants (Jones, 1982;Reed, 1942), from the early development of nutrient solution recipes in the 1860's by the German scientists Sachs and Knop (Hershey, 1994), through to as recently as 1987 when nickel was confirmed as an essential micronutrient for higher plants (Brown et al, 1987). Hydroponics is frequently used to study the effects of mineral nutrient deficiencies on plant growth and physiology.…”

Section: Nutrient Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%