Hydrophobically Modified Poly(acrylic acid) Using 3‐Pentadecylcyclohexylamine: Synthesis and Rheology

Abstract

Summary: Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) was synthesized using 3‐pentadecylcyclohexylamine (3‐PDCA), which was in turn synthesized from 3‐pentadecylphenol, one of the components of cashew‐nut shell liquid (CNSL), a renewable resource material. 1H NMR spectra confirmed the incorporation of 3‐PDCA onto PAA and a series of HMPs with three different molar concentrations, viz ≅ 3, 5 and 7 mol‐% of 3‐PDCA, were synthesized. An increase in viscosity with increasing hydrophobic content was observed by rheological measurements. The critical association concentrations were determined using an Ubbelohde viscometer and a controlled stress rheometer. The stability of HMPs towards temperature and shear was studied. Rheological measurements showed that there was a steady increase in viscosity with increase in hydrophobe content due to the formation of reversible networks. These polymers exhibited gel‐like behavior at low concentrations (≥2 wt.‐%) with an apparent yield stress (ca. 10 Pa) and showed shear thinning properties (non‐Newtonian). However, below a critical concentration, c [η], they showed Newtonian behavior.

Abrupt Shear Thickening of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)

“…The detailed synthesis procedure is reported earlier. 27 The new hydrophobic compound 3-PDCA is a solid with off-white color. It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethyl ether, and 1, 4-dioxane and insoluble in methanol and ethanol.…”

Modification of poly acrylic acid using calix[4]arene derivative for the adsorption of toxic heavy metals

“…[24][25][26] Thus, having chosen the p-tert-butyl calix [4]arene as the basis for derivatives, synthetic way had to be developed to enable the derivatization of the molecule. In this work, p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene has been treated with p-nitrobenzyl bromide in dry acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate to obtain the cone conformer of 1 in 91.6% yield.…”

Synthesis of a novel class of mixed-type surfmers and their properties in water

“…For example, surfmers can be used to prepare vesicles for biological simulation, prepare functional polymer microspheres, and construct soft template to synthesize functional inorganic nanomaterials and inorganic/organic composite nanomaterials; they can also be applied to emulsion polymerization as polymerizable emulsifiers, surface modification of solid substances, synthesis of novel watersoluble hydrophobically associating polymers, and so on [6][7][8][9][10]. Notably, surfmers play a very important role in the synthesis of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide with high property because of the very strong thickening property of the copolymer [11][12][13] of surfmers and acrylamide (AM), making them very significant in enhanced oil recovery. Similar to common surfactants, there are five classes of surfmers: (a) anionic, where the head group of the molecule has a negative charge; (b) cationic, where the head group bears a positive charge; (c) zwitterionic, where both positive and negative charges are present; (d) non-ionic, where the head group has no ionic character; (e) mixed type, where the hydrophilic part is composed of a non-ionic group and an ionic group.…”