Hydrophilic modification of SLA 3D printed droplet generators by photochemical grafting

Bacha, Tristan W.; Manuguerra, Dylan C.; Marano, Robert A.; Stanzione, Joseph F.

doi:10.1039/d1ra03057d

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Monodispersed PS-μPs were produced from purchased PS powders using the methods of Bacha et al 18 Solutions of PS (each having a different number-averaged molecular weight, M n ) at 5% w/v were prepared with narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs) and dispersed in microfluidic devices with aqueous 2% w/v 72 kDa polyvinyl alcohol (87.0–89.0% hydrolyzed, MP Biomedicals). Droplets were left as suspensions in an open beaker overnight to allow for solvent evaporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Weight-Dependent Interplay of Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in High-Strain-Rate Cold Spray Deposition of Glassy Polymers

et al. 2022

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Based on the cold spray technique, the solvent-free and solid-state deposition of glassy polymers is envisioned. Adiabatic inelastic deformation mechanisms in the cold spray technique are studied through high-velocity collisions (<1000 m/s) of polystyrene microparticles against stationary target substrates of polystyrene and silicon. During extreme collisions, a brittle-to-ductile transition occurs, leading to either fracture- or shear-dominant inelastic deformation of the colliding microparticles. Due to the nonlinear interplay between the adiabatic shearing and the thermal softening of polystyrene, the plastic shear flow becomes the dominant deformation channel over brittle fragmentation when increasing the rigidity of the target substrate. High molecular weights (>20 kDa) are essential to hinder the evolution of brittle fracture and promote shear-induced heating beyond the glass transition temperature of polystyrene. However, an excessively high molecular weight (∼100 kDa) reduces the adhesion of the microparticles to the substrate due to insufficient wetting of the softened polystyrene. Due to the two competing viscoelastic effects, proper selection of molecular weight becomes critical for the cold spray technique of glassy polymers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Weight-Dependent Interplay of Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in High-Strain-Rate Cold Spray Deposition of Glassy Polymers

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, the fact that resin composition is generally proprietary limits the possible customisations that end-users can achieve. Some providers have recently started publishing their resin composition as well as customised resins generated from a number of research groups that can be recreated, although the burden of adoption of these unique formulations is likely to prevent their use in most cases [56][57][58] . Alternatively, modifications of PDMS to be printable can lead to decreased resolution of the print, undermining the strong advantage of high-resolution printers for microfabrication using resins 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

Hagemann

Bailey

Khokhar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Commercially available cell culture devices are designed to increase the complexity of simple cell culture models to provide better experimental platforms for biological systems. From microtopography, microwells, plating devices and microfluidic systems to larger constructs for specific applications like live imaging chamber slides, a wide variety of culture devices with different geometries have become indispensable in biology labs. However, the techniques used for their fabrication can be out of reach for most wet labs due to cost and availability of specialised equipment or the need for engineering expertise. Moreover, these techniques also have technical limitations to the volumes, shapes and dimensions they can generate. For these reasons, creating customisable devices tailored to lab-specific biological questions remains difficult to apply. Taking advantage of low-cost, high-resolution desktop resin 3D printers combined with PDMS soft-lithography we have developed an optimised microfabrication pipeline capable of generating a wide variety of customisable devices for cell culture and tissue engineering in an easy, fast reproducible way for a fraction of the cost of conventional microfabrication or commercial alternatives. This technique enables the manufacture of complex devices across scales bridging the gap between microfabrication and fused deposition moulding (FDM) printing. The method we describe allows for the efficient treatment of resin-based 3D printed constructs for PDMS curing, using a combination of curing steps, washes and surface treatments. Together with the extensive characterisation of the fabrication pipeline, we provide several proof-of-principle applications ranging from simple 2D culture devices to large tissue engineering constructs and organoid formation systems. We believe this methodology will be applicable in any wet lab, irrespective of prior expertise or resource availability and will therefore enable a wide adoption of tailored microfabricated devices across many fields of biology.

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“…PS particles with monodisperse size and molecular weight distributions were prepared using the co-flow microfluidic device described by Bacha et al 34 Both 40 kDa (PSS GmbH, Mainz, Germany) and 100 kDa (Scientific Polymer Products Inc., Ontario, NY) PSs were dissolved in ethyl acetate and diluted to 5% w/v before being dispersed into a solution of water and 2% w/v polyvinyl alcohol by the microfluidic device. The polydispersity index was 1.04 for both PSs, as reported by the manufacturers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Weight Controls Interactions between Plastic Deformation and Fracture in Cold Spray of Glassy Polymers

et al. 2023

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Polymer cold spray has gained considerable attention as a novel manufacturing process. A promising aspect of this technology involves the ability to deposit uniform polymer coatings without the requirements of solvent and/or high-temperature conditions. The present study investigates the interplay between shear instability, often considered to be the primary mechanism for bond formation, and fracture, as a secondary energy dissipation mechanism, collectively governing the deposition of glassy thermoplastics on similar and dissimilar substrates. A hybrid experimental-computational approach is utilized to explore the simultaneous effects of several interconnected phenomena, namely the particle–substrate relative deformability, molecular weights, and the resultant yielding versus fracture of polystyrene particles, examined herein as a model material system. The computational investigations are based on constitutive plasticity and damage equations determined and calibrated based on a statistical data mining approach applied to a wide collection of previously reported stress–strain and failure data. Results obtained herein demonstrate that the underlying adhesion mechanisms depend strongly on the molecular weight of the sprayed particles. It is also shown that although the plastic deformation and shear instability are still the primary bond formation mechanisms, the molecular-weight-dependent fracture of the sprayed glassy polymers is also a considerable phenomenon capable of significantly affecting the deposition process, especially in cases involving the cold spray of soft thermoplastics on hard substrates. The strong interplay between molecular-weight-dependent plastic yielding and fracture in the examined system emphasizes the importance of molecular weight as a critical variable in the cold spray of glassy polymers, also highlighting the possibility of process optimization by proper feedstock selection.

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Hydrophilic modification of SLA 3D printed droplet generators by photochemical grafting

Abstract: A versatile method of manufacturing and directly modifying the surfaces of 3D printed microfluidic devices was developed. The device functionality was demonstrated by producing o/w emulsions that yielded polystyrene microspheres.

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Molecular-Weight-Dependent Interplay of Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in High-Strain-Rate Cold Spray Deposition of Glassy Polymers

Molecular-Weight-Dependent Interplay of Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in High-Strain-Rate Cold Spray Deposition of Glassy Polymers

SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

Molecular Weight Controls Interactions between Plastic Deformation and Fracture in Cold Spray of Glassy Polymers

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