Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals: Ce, La, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn from the stream of used Ni-MH cells

Sobianowska-Turek, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.046

Cited by 36 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The optimum experimental conditions found for formic acid in the present study are comparable to those normally reported for inorganic acids (Turek, 2018) and for leaching of Li-ion batteries in the presence of organic acids (Fu et al, 2019), except the S/L ratio. In general, literature reports a S/L ratio in the range 2-50 g L -1 (Alonso et al, 2017;Colmenares et al, 2018;Fu et al, 2019;Fernandes et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2014;Korkmaz et al, 2018;Oliveira et al, 2017), but the concentration of the organic acid is much lower (< 5 mol L -1 ) than in the present study.…”

Section: Effect Of Acid Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Several hydrometallurgical processes have been worked out on different scales to recover metals from spent Ni-MH batteries. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids have been widely used as leachants (Fernandes et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2014;Turek, 2018;Korkmaz et al, 2018;Oliveira et al, 2017), in the concentration range from 1 to 12 mol L -1 , at a temperature range from 25 to 95°C, over a long period of time (> 80 min) (Turek, 2018). The addition of a reductant like hydrogen peroxide improves leaching of many metals as it converts sparingly soluble forms in higher oxidation states (e.g., Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mn 4+ ) to lower valence ions (e.g., Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ ) which are leachable and stable in acidic solution (Vieceli et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

2021

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this work describes a route for recovering nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc and lanthanides from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries. Formic acid was used as leachant. Experiments were run at 25-50°C for 1-4 h. Under the best conditions leaching yields surpassed 99 wt.%, except for iron. The insoluble matter contains almost solely iron as iron(III) basic formate. The leachate went through six separation procedures, combining solvent extraction with D2EHPA as extractant, and precipitation reactions. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were extracted together (> 99 wt.%) from the original leachate (pH ~1.5). Yttrium and lanthanides were precipitated as oxalates directly from the raffinate (> 99.9 wt.%) upon addition of sodium oxalate. In the next steps, Mn2+ and Co2+ were extracted with D2EHPA at buffered pH (3 and ~4.8, respectively), after adding NaOHaq. About 10 wt.% of leached Ni2+ was coextracted with Co2+. The remaining Ni2+ was precipitated from the raffinate after addition of aqueous sodium oxalate at pH 6. After precipitation of Al3+ upon addition of NaOHaq. until pH ~8, sodium formate was recovered after slow evaporation of the final aqueous solution at 60oC. It contains ~90 wt.% of the formate present in the leachant.

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Section: Effect Of Acid Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

2021

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“…Power supply elements (batteries, accumulator cells) are one of the types of e-wastes which often enter the environment. Among the most popular chemical sources of electrical energy nickel metal-hydrate (Ni-MH) batteries are worth special consideration [3]. The cylindrical Ni-MH batteries contain a large quantity of important metals (19.9% Ni, 15.4% Fe, 12.1% La, 5.16% Ce, 4.41% Co, 0.79% Zn, 0.73% Mn, 0.25% Al, 0.01% Cu, among others) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Extraction of Metals in an Aqueous Two-Phase System Based on Poly(Ethylene Oxide) 1500 and Sodium Nitrate

et al. 2019

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This article presents an ecologically safe aqueous two-phase system based on poly(ethylene oxide) with a molecular weight of 1500, designed for complex extraction of Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Al(III) from nitrate solutions. A kinetic dependence has been investigated for a distribution ratio for the metals examined. The influence of pH-values, temperature, initial metal concentration, and nitric acid content have on the extraction of a wide range of metals in the heterogeneous poly(ethylene oxide) 1500-NaNO3-H2O system has been discovered. As a result, the complex extraction of metals (EMe > 60%) was achieved in one step of extraction without introducing additional chemicals into the system.

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“…However, the total stream of collected waste lithium cells in the last seven years could amount to as much as 10 076.15 MT and it should be noted that Poland is a country where there is no single technology for processing waste batteries and accumulators. Processing methods of portable batteries concern only used cells of the first type of Zn-C, Zn-Mn and Zn-O 2 cells and end with mechanical processing and separation of three ferromagnetic, diamagnetic and paramagnetic material fractions for management [31]. Based on the value of masses of Li-ion batteries and accumulators introduced into and collected from the Polish market, it can be concluded that in 2020 these streams may amount to 4361.40 MT and 1962.63 MT respectively.…”

Section: Li-ion Battery and Accumulator Stream In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Separation processes involve the mechanical loosening of the structure (body) of the battery and separation of components with characteristic physical properties (density, size, magnetic properties). These activities are usually simple and cheaper than other processes, and for that reason they should be used to prepare the material stream for further processing [31][32][33][34]. The second main processes are pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical processes.…”

Section: Recycling Of Used Li-ion Batteries and Accumulators In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland

Sobianowska-Turek

Urbańska

2019

Batteries

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The paper presents the market of portable lithium-ion batteries in the European Union (EU) with particular emphasis on the stream of used Li-ion cells in Poland by 2030. In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that, despite a decade of efforts in Poland, it has not been possible to create an effective management system for waste batteries and accumulators that would include waste management (collection and selective sorting), waste disposal (a properly selected mechanical method) and component recovery technology for reuse (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods). This paper also brings attention to the fact that this EU country with 38 million people does not have in its area a recycling process for used cells of the first type of zinc-carbon, zinc-manganese or zinc-air, as well as the secondary type of nickel-hydride and lithium-ion, which in the stream of chemical waste energy sources will be growing from year to year.

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Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals: Ce, La, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn from the stream of used Ni-MH cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID

Complex Extraction of Metals in an Aqueous Two-Phase System Based on Poly(Ethylene Oxide) 1500 and Sodium Nitrate

Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland

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