Hydrometallurgical recovery of cadmium and nickel from spent Ni–Cd batteries

Rudnik, Ewa; Nikiel, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.05.006

Cited by 76 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The metallic scraps in batteries can be recovered by different recycling processes, such as mineral processing techniques (Tenório and Espinosa, 2002) and pyrometallurgical (Ammann, 1995;Jordi, 1995) or hydrometallugical treatments (Bartolozzi et al, 1995;Raghavan et al, 2000;Rudnik and Nikiel, 2007;Zhang et al, 1998). The products of these spent battery recycling processes are metallic alloys or compounds, or solutions containing abundant metal ions (Bernardes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Lin

Huang

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Valuable metal materials can be recovered from spent nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. However, little attention has been paid to the metal compositions of individual components of NiMH batteries, although this is important for the selection of the appropriate recycling process. In this study, NiMH batteries were manually disassembled to identify the components and to characterize the metals in each of these. A preliminary economic analysis was also conducted to evaluate the recovery of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries using thermal melting versus simple mechanical separation. The results of this study show that metallic components account for more than 60% of battery weight. The contents of Ni, Fe, Co, and rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., valuable metals of interest for recovery) in a single battery were 17.9%, 15.4%, 4.41%, and 17.3%, respectively. Most of the Fe was in the battery components of the steel cathode collector, cathode cap, and anode metal grid, while Ni (>90%) and Co (>90%) were mainly in the electrode active materials (anode and cathode metal powders). About 1.88 g of REEs (Ce, La, and Y) could be obtained from one spent NiMH battery. The estimated profits from recovering valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries by using thermal melting and mechanical processes are 2,329 and 2,531 USD/ton, respectively, when including a subsidy of 1,710 USD/ton. The findings of this study are very useful for further research related to technical and economic evaluations of the recovery of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries.Implications: The spent nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries were manually disassembled and their components were identified. The metals account for more than 60% of battery weight, when Ni, Fe, Co, and rare earth elements (REEs) were 17.9%, 15.4%, 4.41%, and 17.3%, respectively, in a single battery. The estimated profits of recovering valuable metals from NiMH batteries by using thermal melting and mechanical processing are 2,329 and 2,531 USD/ton, respectively, when including a subsidy of 1,710 USD/ton. These findings are very useful to develop or select the recovery methods of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries.PAPER HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Lin

Huang

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The inhalation of nickel and its compounds can lead to serious problems, such as nasopharynx, lung and dermatological diseases, and malignant tumors [2]. From the viewpoints of economical and environmental impacts, the guarantee for recovery and enrichment of nickel is rather high [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel with crosslinked polymeric networks for Ni2+ recovery

Zheng¹,

Huang²,

Wang³

2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

111

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“…To estimate the market values of non-ferrous metals recovered from industrial wastes, the London Metal Exchange (LME) listing has been widely used as a global pricing benchmark (Seadon, 2010;Wu et al, 2009;Moors et al, 2005;Park and Fray, 2009;Rudnik and Nikiel, 2007). In Southeast Asia, the non-ferrous metal sale prices from metal recyclers tend to have small variances compared to the exchange prices.…”

Section: Revenue Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recovery of nickel from spent hydrogenation catalyst: economics, emissions and wastes assessment

Yang

Löw

et al. 2011

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Hydrometallurgical recovery of cadmium and nickel from spent Ni–Cd batteries

Cited by 76 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel with crosslinked polymeric networks for Ni2+ recovery

Sustainable recovery of nickel from spent hydrogenation catalyst: economics, emissions and wastes assessment

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