Hydrolytic ageing of polyamide 11. 1. Hydrolysis kinetics in water

Jacques, B.; Werth, Michael; Merdas, I.; Thominette, F.; Verdú, J.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00583-9

Cited by 102 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The latter technique [9,10] appears to be relevant in comparison with rheometry measurements [4] where part of the oxidized polymer may undergo thermolysis as the measurements are performed in molten state. Furthermore, SEC is expected to be more informative than viscosimetry (only M W [11]) with the aim of quantifying the dual chain scission/crosslinking process in polyamides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and macromolecular structure changes in polyamide 11 during thermal oxidation

Okamba-Diogo

Richaud

Verdú

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and macromolecular structure changes in polyamide 11 during thermal oxidation

Okamba-Diogo

Richaud

Verdú

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Because of that, the study of the degradation of polyamides in ageing tests has become important. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Because of the high quantities of methylene groups in the structure of polyamide 11 (PA-11) in comparison with PA-6 or PA 6-6, PA-11 has become more important in applications in pipes for water-containing fluids. PA-11 was one of the first polymers used for the internal insulation layers in flexible pipelines used in offshore oilfield exploitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its excellent mechanical properties (high fatigue resistance, low frictional coefficient, excellent creep resistance) and good chemical resistance enable the use of this semicrystalline thermoplastic material as a barrier during the transport of the gas, water, and oil mixtures. 2,13 In addition to varying the quantities of methylene groups as a means of changing polymer properties, plasticizers are also used in flexible pipes to improve flexibility and to reduce hardness. For PA-11, the plasticizer used is N-butyl-benzenesulfonamide in 12 wt % concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For PA-11, the plasticizer used is N-butyl-benzenesulfonamide in 12 wt % concentration. 2,14 The main external factors that affect the degradation process of PA-11 pipes are: water contained in fluids, temperature, acidity, composition of the oil, and the presence of other chemical products used for oil treatment. The main properties affected are: loss of plasticizer and therefore elasticity changes in morphology and the reduction of the molar mass due to hydrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ageing of polyamide 11 used in the manufacture of flexible piping

Romão

Castro

Filho

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of temperature and pH on the ageing of piping made from polyamide 11 (PA-11) was studied using water from an oilfield (pH ¼ 5.5) and deionized water (pH ¼ 7.0) with monitoring by corrected inherent viscosity (CIV) measurements. The hydrolytic degradation was more extensive at high temperatures in oilfield water. When the system reaches equilibrium, the pH affects mainly the CIV plateau values. Thermogravimetry, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy measurements were also used to investigate aspects involved in the ageing PA-11. The hydrolytic degradation of PA-11 leads to formation of low molar mass compounds, such as oligomers dispersed in the polymeric matrix. This is a process that occurs preferentially in the amorphous domain of PA-11, which leads to an increase in the degree of crystallinity and the formation of a new c-phase.

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“…However, irreversible chemical reactions can also occur, due to reactions with water or oxygen [34][35][36]. Thus in addition to measuring the diffusion kinetics, it is necessary to establish how water affects the properties of the polymer and to characterize the degradation.…”

Section: Polymer Degradation In Sea Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

Gac

Davies

Choqueuse

2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-Polymers and composites are very attractive for underwater applications, but it is essential to evaluate their long term behaviour in sea water if structural integrity of offshore structures is to be guaranteed. Accelerated test procedures are frequently required, and this paper will present three examples showing how the durability of polymers, in the form of fibres, matrix resins in fibre reinforced composites for structural elements, and thermal insulation coatings of flow-lines, have been evaluated for offshore use. The influence of the ageing medium, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure will be discussed first, then an example of the application of ageing test results to predict long term behavior of the thermal insulation coating of a flowline will be presented.Re´sume´-Durabilite´des polyme`res pour application pe´trolie`re offshore -Les polyme`res et composites sont largement utilise´s pour les applications en mer et particulie`rement dans le domaine de l'industrie pe´trolie`re. La fiabilisation des structures utilise´es pour ces applications ne´cessite la prise en conside´ration du comportement a`long terme des mate´riaux. L'e´valuation de la durabilite´des polyme`res et composites en milieu marin exige la mise en place de vieillissements acce´le´re´s spe´cifiques. La nature de ces vieillissements ainsi que les parame`tres influant tels que la nature de l'eau, la tempe´rature ou la pression hydrostatique seront discute´s dans cet article a`travers trois exemples. Le premier sera de´die´au comportement a`long terme de fibres polyme´riques utilise´es principalement pour l'amarrage, le second traitera de la durabilite´des composites. Enfin le dernier traitera de la pre´diction du comportement a`long terme de polyure´thane utilise´comme isolant thermique sur des pipes.

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Hydrolytic ageing of polyamide 11. 1. Hydrolysis kinetics in water

Cited by 102 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular and macromolecular structure changes in polyamide 11 during thermal oxidation

Molecular and macromolecular structure changes in polyamide 11 during thermal oxidation

Ageing of polyamide 11 used in the manufacture of flexible piping

Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications

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