Hydrolysis of Titanium(III)

New types of hydrous titanium oxides obtained by homogeneous precipitation from (titanium (III) chloride + urea) solutions

“…In this case, the concentration of titanium (IV) ions (Ti(OH) 2+) may control nuclei production and crystal growth. The Ti(OH)~ + concentration in the present study is markedly lower than that in the usual hydrolysis from titanium (IV) salt solution, because the oxidation Reaction 1 scarcely proceeds in highly acidic solution [31]. The low Ti(OH)~ + concentration may cause a small number of nuclei as well as a slow crystal growth, consequently may give a large size of particles.…”

“…Several authors have investigated hydrolysis reactions of titanium (III) ions [31][32][33]. They have proposed the following two hydrolysis reactions Ti 3+ -I-H20 ~ TiOH 2+ + H +…”

Electron Spin Resonance Studies in Aqueous Solution: Titanium(III) in the pH Region 1.0–3.5

“…3. Finally, the intensity of the signals in the caie of the chloride and iodide do noi change on increasing the anion concentrations to 2.0 M in samples of 0.001 M titanous ion, in keeping with their low complexation constants (10)(11)(12). In contrast, increased sulfate (2.0 M) destroyed the signals in chloride, iodide, or sulfate samples.…”

“…Detailed examinations of the behavior of dilute aqueous titanium(II1) solutions in the p H region between 0.0 and 3.5 indicate that Ti-(H20), + and T i ( 0~)~' are the dominant species with insignificant amounts of further hydrolyzed ions present below p H 3.5 (10)(11)(12). Applying e.s.r.…”

Highly Selective Detection of Titanium (III) in Industrial Waste Water Samples Using Meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole-Doped PVC Membrane Ion-Selective Electrode

“…The electrode was conditioned in 1. [11,[18][19][20]. On the other hand, Cassaignon et al revealed that the process of dissolution and hydrolysis of titanium chloride (which was employed as a source of titanium in current study) is a multivariate process, in which the existence of each species relies on different variables such as pH, temperature and titanium concentration [11].…”