Hydrolysis of Penicillin G by Penicillin G Acylase Immobilized on Chitosan Microbeads in Different Reactor Systems

Žuža, Milena; Obradović, Bojana; Knežević‐Jugović, Zorica

doi:10.1002/ceat.201100297

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible, mucoadhesive and nontoxic natural polymer and has great potential for pharmaceutical application as drug and therapeutic enzyme carriers [6,7]. The physical and chemical properties of chitosan make this polymer also a rather attractive for encapsulation of thyme essential oil.…”

Section: Preparation Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan microparticles with thyme essential oil

Pecarski

Knežević‐Jugović²,

Dimitrijević-Branković³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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Considering the therapeutic effects of formulations with violate essential oils, development of an available drug delivery system is of great interest, especially assuming the fact that using essential oils as antimicrobial agents is a rather expanded in antimicrobial therapy nowadays. In this work, chitosan microparticles with encapsulated thyme essential oil were prepared by the emulsion cross-linking method. The effect of thyme oil and glutaraldehyde initial concentrations on particle size, morphology, and particle size distribution was investigated. In addition, the influence of these parameters on the encapsulation of thyme oil in chitosan microparticles, concerning thyme oil loadings and encapsulation efficiency was also tested. The particles showed a spherical shape with an average diameter from 4.71?1.42 to 13.65?4.34 m, depending on the concentration of the essential oil and glutaraldehyde that were used. The diameter of microparticles appeared to increase with increasing the thyme essential oil concentration, and decreased with the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration. It was shown that the concentration of glutaraldehyde did not affect the degree of encapsulation, but the increase in the initial concentration of thyme oil increased the degree of encapsulation of this essential oil in chitosan microparticles. All particles containing thyme essential oil, as well as essential oil of thyme itself showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 24433, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25929. This study showed a great potential of the use of thyme essential oil as an antimicrobial agent, especially when encapsulated in a drug delivery system with controlled release of the active antimicrobial component.

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Section: Preparation Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan microparticles with thyme essential oil

Pecarski

Knežević‐Jugović²,

Dimitrijević-Branković³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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“…Reaction was carried in an orbital shaker set at 37°C and 100 rpm for 3 min, after which 2.5 mL of ethanol was added to inhibit further reaction. The amount of enzymatic product, 6‐APA, was followed spectrophotometrically at 415 nm using PDAB as indicator, as previously described elsewhere . One unit of PGA activity was defined as the amount of free or immobilized enzyme required to produce 1 µmol of 6‐APA per minute under the assay conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for the improved immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a potential industrial biocatalyst

Knežević‐Jugović

Žuža

Jakovetić

et al. 2015

Biotechnol Progress

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The use of penicillin G acylase (PGA) covalently linked to insoluble carrier is expected to produce major advances in pharmaceutical processing industry and the enzyme stability enhancement is still a significant challenge. The objective of this study was to improve catalytic performance of the covalently immobilized PGA on a potential industrial carrier, macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)], by optimizing the copolymerization process and the enzyme attachment procedure. This synthetic copolymer could be a very promising alternative for the development of low-cost, easy-to-prepare, and stable biocatalyst compared to expensive commercially available epoxy carriers such as Eupergit or Sepabeads. The PGA immobilized on poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) in the shape of microbeads obtained by suspension copolymerization appeared to have higher activity yield compared to copolymerization in a cast. Optimal conditions for the immobilization of PGA on poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) microbeads were 1 mg/mL of PGA in 0.75 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 6.0 at 25°C for 24 h, leading to the active biocatalyst with the specific activity of 252.7 U/g dry beads. Chemical amination of the immobilized PGA could contribute to the enhanced stability of the biocatalyst by inducing secondary interactions between the enzyme and the carrier, ensuring multipoint attachment. The best balance between the activity yield (51.5%), enzyme loading (25.6 mg/g), and stability (stabilization factor 22.2) was achieved for the partially modified PGA.

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“…Fixed bed is suitable for the conditions of low viscosity of medium and lower velocity of flow than entrainment velocity of particles. In order to reduce particle spillover, the upper part of the reactor is usually designed as a conical enlargement to reduce the flow rate . The advantages of the reactor are as follows: good mass and heat transfer performance.…”

Section: Immobilization Pgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the development of immobilized penicillin G acylase for chemical and industrial applications: A mini‐review

Mohammed

Zhou

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) as an important industrial catalyst can catalyze penicillin G potassium (PG) to 6‐aminopenicillanic acid (6‐APA). 6‐APA is an important intermediate for semisynthetic penicillin drugs, which occupies a huge market space in the anti‐inflammatory field; as a result, immobilized PGA occupies a huge market space in the pharmaceutical field. However, at present, there are different degrees of defects in the preparation and production process of immobilized PGAs on the market because of the huge demand; therefore, the performance of immobilized PGA and its productivity will bring huge economic benefits to enterprises. Therefore, research on immobilized PGA has always been a focus. This review first introduces the source, classification, structure, and catalytic mechanism of PGA and then studies the development of immobilization methods, immobilized carriers, reaction media, enzyme activity regeneration, and reactors of immobilized PGA in recent years.

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Hydrolysis of Penicillin G by Penicillin G Acylase Immobilized on Chitosan Microbeads in Different Reactor Systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan microparticles with thyme essential oil

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan microparticles with thyme essential oil

An approach for the improved immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a potential industrial biocatalyst

Recent progress in the development of immobilized penicillin G acylase for chemical and industrial applications: A mini‐review

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